application of microbial genetics in industries

doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.053, Khl, L., Lukasiewicz, C. E., and van der Heijden, M. G. A. Appl. Gao, C., Ma, C., and Xu, P. 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Applications, [ "article:topic", "authorname:openstax", "genomics", "Transcriptomics", "proteomics", "Metagenomics", "bioinformatics", "Reporter genes", "recombinant DNA pharmaceuticals", "RNA interference", "showtoc:no", "license:ccby", "licenseversion:40", "source@https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology" ], https://bio.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FMicrobiology%2FMicrobiology_(OpenStax)%2F12%253A_Modern_Applications_of_Microbial_Genetics%2F12.03%253A_Whole_Genome_Methods_and_Industrial_Applications, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( 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kidney disease, high blood pressure, Treatment of viscous lung secretions in cystic fibrosis, Treatment of severe anemia with kidney damage, Treatment of growth hormone deficiency, Turners syndrome, burns, Treatment of multiple sclerosis, various cancers (e.g., melanoma), viral infections (e.g., Hepatitis B and C), Treatment of pulmonary embolism in ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, Explain the uses of genome-wide comparative analyses, Summarize the advantages of genetically engineered pharmaceutical products. This chapter describes the application of microbes in several fields with great importance. Trends Food Sci. doi: 10.1515/jppr-2016-0004, Khan, M. A., Paul, B., Ahmad, W., Paul, S., Aggarwal, C., Khan, Z., et al. (2016). Sens. 2015;2015:816419. doi: 10.1155/2015/816419. Indirect mechanisms are related to the reduction of susceptibility to diseases, including antibiosis, induction of systemic resistance and competition for nutrients and niches (Lugtenberg and Kamilova, 2009). Regulation of plants phosphate uptake in common mycorrhizal networks: role of intraradical fungal phosphate transporters. (2016). Opin. 26, 227238. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6603(08)60204-4, Astronomo, R. D., and Burton, D. R. (2010). J. Pharm. For example, a vaccine for hepatitis B is created by inserting a gene encoding a hepatitis B surface protein into a yeast; the yeast then produces this protein, which the human immune system recognizes as an antigen. This bacterium can accumulate approximately 80% of its dry mass in polymer and uses different types of substrates, such as glucose, fructose, and crude glycerin (Figueiredo et al., 2014). Liu, K., Ding, X., Deng, B., and Chen, W. (2009). Enzyme Microb. doi: 10.1007/s12010-014-1146-1, Fynan, E. F., Wwbster, R. G., Fuller, D. H., Haynes, J. R., Santoro, J. C., and Robinson, H. L. (1993). Industries utilising microbial enzymes are food, pharmaceutical, detergent, leather, waste management and many others. Sens. Technol. (2004). These bacteria are transmitted vertically from the female to the offspring. Biotechnol. A., and Hameed, A. We call this new microbiology Technological Microbiology, and we believe that complex techniques, such as heterologous expression and metabolic engineering, can be increasingly incorporated into this applied science, allowing the generation of new and improved products and services. Waste treatment based on enzymatic processes tends to be less expensive; however, the enzymes are biodegradable, and further studies and prospection of microbial enzymes that are thermostable or resilient to large pH variations are needed. Bioelectron. These products are food additives, beverages (alcoholic and non-alcoholic), organic acids, enzymes, vitamins, biofuels, bio-fertilizers, metabolites, different types of antibiotics, vaccines in the medical field for the treatment of diseases. Chapter 7 - Microbial Biochemistry ; Chapter 8 - Microbial Metabolism ; Chapter 9 - Microbial Growth ; Chapter 10 - Biochemistry of the Genome ; Chapter 11 - Mechanisms of Microbial Genetics ; Chapter 12 - Modern Applications of Microbial Genetics ; Chapter 13 - Control of Microbial Growth ; Chapter 14 - Antimicrobial Drugs 81, 419423. doi: 10.1006/viro.2000.0271. In addition to the use of E. coli in biosensors, other microorganisms have already been evaluated. Effect of thermal pretreatment on the biogas production and microbial communities balance during anaerobic digestion of urban and industrial waste activated sludge. Bioplastics from microorganisms. Investigation of ancient Egyptian baking and brewing methods by correlative microscopy. Applications of endophytic Actinomycetes and their role in protection. When females without Wolbachia mate with males with Wolbachia, the fertilized eggs die. Plant Dis. The importance of water potential range tolerance as a limiting factor on Trichoderma spp. 8:827. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00827. 11:e1131372. During the interaction, endophytes synthesize bioactive metabolites that may confer greater fitness to the plant. Science 273, 488490. High rates of population growth have increased the demand for new foods around the world. These are just a few of the numerous applications of microbial genetics that we will explore in this chapter. doi: 10.5935/0100-4042.20140183, Franco, L. O., Maia, R. C. C., Porto, A. L. F., Messias, A. S., Fukushima, K., and Campostakaki, G. M. (2004). A. Nature 476, 450453. Two major factors that have been limiting real commercialization of biosurfactants in the past are firstly the limited structural variety and secondly the high production price due to low inherent productivities, small scale and/or a lack of process knowledge. Knowledge of a family history of conditions such as cancer or various disorders may indicate a hereditary tendency to develop these afflictions. In addition, the progress achieved by the genetic improvement of this virus has increased its effectiveness as an insecticide (Popham et al., 2016). Expert Opin. 18, 459479. Patelski, P., Berlowska, J., Dziugan, P., Pielech-Przybylska, K., Balcerek, M., Dziekonska, U., et al. (2016). The first indication of the use of microorganisms for cereal grain fermentation to produce an alcoholic beverage was obtained from molecular evidence from the Neolithic village of Jiahu in China and dates to 7000 BC (McGovern et al., 2004). doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.07.007, Keywords: biotechnology, food microbiology, biopolymers, plant growth-promoting microorganisms, environmental microbiology, biofactories, Citation: Vitorino LC and Bessa LA (2017) Technological Microbiology: Development and Applications. Copyright 2017 Vitorino and Bessa. Evaluation of some botanicals and Trichoderma harzianum against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chit wood) in tomato. (2016). Bio-Hydrometallurgy 7. Building on that ethos of providing industry leading solutions for temperature and climate control, the m360 team expanded on what is provided in our standard product and introduced future-proof features to further ensure Memmert device . Hofrichter, M., Vares, K., Scheibner, K., Galkin, S., Sipila, J., and Hatakka, A. GMOs. doi: 10.1016/S0168-9525(01)02237-5. B Environ. doi: 10.1038/nri1837, Castelle, C. J., Wrighton, K. C., Thomas, B. C., Hug, L. A., Brown, C. T., Wilkins, M. J., et al. As an example, the thermal cycler in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) is used to perform a diagnostic technique called the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which relies on DNA polymerase enzymes from thermophilic bacteria. doi: 10.5897/JEN2015.0145, Figueiredo, T. V. B., Campos, M. I., Sousa, L. S., Silva, J. R., and Druzian, J. I. Use of metagenomics and next-generation sequencing in the study of microbial communities to obtain genetic data. Genetic ManipulationsApplications in Therapy. Plant Sci. Far from abandoning it in the 21st century, we are developing new uses for biological organisms. Acad. The focus of this approach is on the reduction of mosquito longevity and not on abundance. Proc. Recombinant (gene) vaccines are prepared from viruses engineered to carry genes encoding antigens from other disease-causing viruses for expression in the host after inoculation. This range of lifestyles within the genus explains why Trichoderma is the source of many strains commercially used in biological control (Howell, 2003). Cell Fact. Microbial population dynamics and enzyme activities during composting. Molecular biology will generate new manufacturing capabilities for synthetic biology-based products that will bring major benefits. Multistate point-prevalence survey of health care-associated infections. By contrast, the products of heterologous proteins obtained from S. cerevisiae comprise hormones (insulin, insulin analogs, and glucagon), vaccines (hepatitis B virus surface antigen), and virus-like particles (VLPs) (Ferrer-Miralles et al., 2009). 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