largest immigrant groups by state

Yet these views vary starkly by political affiliation. Four percent have completed at least a junior college (two-year program) education, while 9 percent have completed some college. Florida, fourth in 2016 in the share of residents who are foreign-born, first made an appearance on the list in 1980. . Unsurprisingly, just 4 percent of non-citizens participated in this activity, while 8 percent of foreign-born citizens and 14 percent of U.S.-born citizens reported working on a campaign. Meanwhile, there was a rise in the number from Central America and Asia. In that sense, the currents coursing their way through the Indian diaspora are perhaps reflective not only of broader developments in American society but alsoand perhaps even to a greater extentthe turbulence afflicting India. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Fifty-one percent of Democrats say they are somewhat comfortable with Republican friends and 22 percent say they are not comfortable (more than twice the number of Republicans who felt that way about Democrats). One of the questions asks respondents what their country of birth is. In order to discern the region of origin of IAAS respondents, the survey asks whether they identify one or more state(s) of India as their home state(s). What is the largest immigrant group in America? U.S. Census data affirm that Indian Americans enjoy a standard of living that is roughly double that of the median American household, underpinned by substantially greater educational attainmentthe share of Indian Americans with at least a bachelors degree is twice the national average.4 However, these aggregate figures mask severe inequalities within the community. 9 Nicole Hong and Jonah E. Bromwich, Asian-Americans Are Being Attacked. Finally, the survey examines the identity of the person(s) responsible for engaging in discriminatory behavior. Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, February 9, 2021, https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/02/09/how-do-indian-americans-view-india-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-83800. In terms of regions, about two-thirds of immigrants lived in the West (34%) and South (34%). Given the fact that the majority of younger Indian Americans below age twenty-seven are born in the United States while the opposite is true of those above age twenty-seven, YouGov oversampled younger Indian Americans between the ages of eighteen and twenty-seven to ensure that the studys analyses can make inferences about generational differences within the Indian American community. 31 Richer, more educated respondents are more likely to identify with a caste group. The top countries of origin for immigrants were India (11 percent of immigrants), Mexico (8 percent), China (6 percent), the Philippines (3 percent), and Canada (3 percent). Immigrants from Mexico have the lowest rates of English proficiency (34%), followed by those from Central America (35%), East and Southeast Asia (50%) and South America (56%). South Korea 16,244. Finally, respondents born in the United States are also significantly more likely to report that they have a spouse or partner who is not of Indian origin: 29 percent of U.S.-born respondents compared to just 15 percent of foreign-born respondents. The first table lists U.S. states and the District of Columbia by annual net domestic migration, while the second table lists U.S. states and the District of Columbia by annual net international migration. As with political parties in the American context, there is a certain degree of asymmetric polarization as far as supporters of the Congress and the BJP are concerned, although both groups are generally more hostile toward supporters of the opposing Indian party than is true in the analogous case of Republicans and Democrats (see figure 24). Not only are Hindus less likely to report attending religious services, but they are also less likely to say that they pray. Figure 30 provides the geographic distribution of survey respondents by state of residence. Thirteen percent of respondents are Muslim, 11 percent are Christian, and another 7 percent belong to a variety of other faiths including Buddhism and Sikhism. Among immigrants ages 5 and older, Spanish is the most commonly spoken language. Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees. All the analyses in this study employ sampling weights to ensure representativeness.15. Hispanics are also the nation's largest immigrant group and one of its fastest growing populations. Seventy-three percent of respondents believe that Asian Americans who are not of Indian origin face more discrimination than Indian Americans. To probe this issue, the survey provides respondents with eight identity categories and asks them which of the following best describes their background. 22 There is no one-to-one correspondence between Hindi and an Indian state of origin since the language is spoken across a broad swath of states, especially but not exclusively in north and central India. Figure 21 looks more closely at the caste composition of social networks among Hindus. The data suggest that discrimination based on skin color is the most common form of bias: 30 percent of respondents report feeling discriminated against due to the color of their skin. YouGov recruited respondents from its proprietary panel comprising 1.8 million U.S. residents. 4 Sanjoy Chakravorty, Devesh Kapur, and Nirvikar Singh, The Other One Percent: Indians in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017). Thirty percent of Congress supporters are not comfortable having close friends who support the BJP; this is double the share of BJP supporters who are uncomfortable having close friends who are Congress supporters. As one might expect, first-generation (foreign-born) and second-generation (U.S.-born) respondents approach this question differently (see figure 12). 56 To find details on the Economist-YouGov collaboration or to compare some of the IAAS findings on Indian Americans with the American population more generally, visit https://today.yougov.com/topics/economist/survey-results. Indeed, a plurality (44 percent) of Indian Americans born in the United States say that they feel more American than Indian (compared to 23 percent of foreign-born respondents). There is also important variation by ones religious identity. On the other hand, Muslims are much more likely to self-identify as South Asian (27 percent compared to 7 percent of Christians and 5 percent of Hindus). 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW Indian Americans exhibit high rates of marriage and low rates of divorce. But in New Jersey, where there is a significant concentration of Indian Americans, Indian Americans are more likely to associate with their own. Source: aiisha5 / iStock . However, Hindus and Muslims exhibit less comfort when it comes to having close friends of the opposite faith. However, non-citizens and foreign-born citizens report nonparticipation at roughly twice the rate of U.S.-born citizens: 47 and 41 percent, respectively, compared to 22 percent of U.S.-born citizens. Since the creation of the federal Refugee Resettlement Program in 1980, about 3 million refugees have been resettled in the U.S. more than any other country. Share with Friends Add To Playlist. Existing research has found that among major Asian American communities, Indian Americansboth men and womenhave the highest rate of endogamy (the custom of marrying within ones community) in both the first and second generations, although there is a noticeable increase in marriage outside of the community among members of the second generation.21. View Reports-/5-RATE QUIZ. To what extent does the community exhibit signs of shared solidarity, and are there signs of division as the group grows in number and diversity? Today, Indian Americans are a mosaic of recent arrivals and long-term residents. There were 10.5 million unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. in 2017, accounting for 3.2% of the nations population. Early childhood risk, reach, and resilience. 24 Christine Tamir, Aidan Connaughton, and Ariana Monique Salazar, The Global God Divide, Pew Research Center, July 20, 2020, https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/07/20/the-global-god-divide/. In both instances, roughly three-quarters of perpetrators were identified as non-Indians. Most of these children are native-born themselves. One might expect, however, that the importance of a respondents Indian identity might vary by their place of birth. As the number of Indian-origin residents in the United States has swelled north of 4 million, the community's diversity too has grown. Thirty-one percent respond that it is a major problem, 53 percent believe it is a minor problem, and a small minority (17 percent) believe it is not a problem at all. The survey also asks respondents about their educational attainment, which provides insight into the socioeconomic profile of Indians in America. Responses are divided neatly into thirds when it comes to who is doing the discriminating: Indians, non-Indians, and people of both categories are almost equally to blame.49. 16 Of those born outside of the United States, 80 percent were born in India. See More by this Creator. Where does this leave the Indian American community and its role in promoting U.S.-India relations? Asians are projected to become the largest immigrant group in the U.S. by 2055, surpassing Hispanics. See More by this Creator. It appears that respondents social networks are more homogenous in terms of religion than either region or caste. There are, consequently, a large share of respondents who are only somewhat comfortable having close friends of the opposite faith. Fewer than one in ten respondents (9 percent) do not participate in any of these seven holidays. The first time Mexicans did not make up the bulk of Border Patrol apprehensions was in 2014. From 1820 to 2013, 79 million people obtained lawful permanent resident status in the United States. However, duration of stay remains significant. Ohio was home to 260,454 women, 252,902 men, and 42,227 children who were immigrants. Forty-seven percent of Hindu respondents report identifying with a caste, which means the majority (53 percent) said that they do not personally identify with a caste group of any kind. It covers five broad areas: citizenship and residency status; educational attainment; marital status; Indian region of origin; and religion, religious practice, and caste identity. Bookmark Quiz Bookmark Quiz Bookmark. As the number and/or concentration of Indian Americans in a geography increases, one might expect that respondents social networks might become more insular. Interestingly, among IAAS respondents, Diwali emerges as the most celebrated holiday63 percent of respondents report that they celebrate the Indian festival of lights (see figure 16). After all, for more than two decades, the Indian diaspora in the United States has been a critical bridge-builder between the two countries.52 But with divisions in the community more apparent and increasingly linked to political disputes in India, we have suggested elsewhere that the diasporas unity of purpose could suffer a setback.53. Minnesota has proportionally fewer immigrants compared to the nation as a whole, but we have long been a state shaped by immigration. 30 For an overview of the debate over caste categories in Islam in South Asia, see Julien Levesque, Debates on Muslim Caste in North India and Pakistan: From Colonial Ethnography to Pasmanda Mobilization, Institut Francais de Pondichery and Centre de Sciences Humaines, June 1, 2020, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02697381/document. as well as other partner offers and accept our. Hindus who recently arrived in the United States are just as likely to identify with a caste group as those who have been here for a quarter-century or more.31. The propensity scores were grouped into deciles of the estimated propensity score in the frames and post-stratified according to these deciles.57. The interactive map below visualizes all of them based on their prior country of residence. Several Asian, African, and Central American countries also have large immigrant populations in various states. Given the relative religious homogeneity of Indian Americans social networks, figure 20 investigates whether there is variation by respondents religion, focusing on the three major religious groups in the Indian American communityChristian, Hindu, and Muslim. Overall, there are 632 respondents in the IAAS sample who belong to the Hindu faith but only 293 who report identifying with a caste group. The composition of immigrants changed again in the post-1965 immigration era. Milan Vaishnav is a senior fellow and director of the South Asia Program and the host of the Grand Tamasha podcast at Carnegie, where he focuses on India's political economy, governance, state capacity, distributive politics, and electoral behavior. Indian Americans are the second-largest immigrant group in the United States. Most of the nations unauthorized immigrant population lived in these top metro areas as well. The Dallas Express is a non-profit organization funded by charitable support and advertising. Thirty percent of non-citizen IAAS respondents possess a green card (or a permanent residency card), which places them on a pathway to gaining U.S. citizenship. There is no variation at all based on duration of stay in the United States. It explores this contentious subject in three ways. 9% of Minnesotans are immigrants, up from 5% in 2000 but down from 37% in the late 1800s. A few findings merit attention. A majority of Hindus (52 percent) report attending religious services once or twice a month or just a few times a year, while another 25 percent report seldom or never attending religious services. Each year, more than 1 million immigrants enter the country. The survey also asks respondents how comfortable they would be if a son/daughter married someone from a particular background. This report examines the Hispanic population of the United States by its 10 largest origin groups. Taken together, more than three-quarters of Indian Americans place a high value on their Indian-ness. Around 22 percent state that their Indian identity is either somewhat or very unimportant.32. How do Indian Americans relate to the Indian American community writ large. 3 Immigration Commission, U.S. Senate, Reports of the Immigration Commission 349 (1911) cited in Sherally Munshi, Immigration, Imperialism, and the Legacies of Indian Exclusion, Yale Journal of Law & Humanities 28, no. For instance, a March 2020 Pew survey found that 79 percent of Americans agree that there is a lot or some discrimination against African Americans. Diwali and Holi are largely celebrated by Hindus, while very few non-Muslims commemorate Eid. OCI status effectively functions as a lifetime visa and also grants recipients the ability to live and work in India on a permanent basis. The one slight deviation in the overall pattern of civic engagement is found in the final categoryworking with others in your community to solve a problem. In eight states, Canadian immigrants made up the second-largest group, and in four states, the second-most common country of origin was the Philippines. Its rapidly growing size, economic success, and growing political visibility have given it greater salience in American life. Second, the survey asks respondents about their own lived experience with discrimination. Several states have Canada as a major source of immigrants. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider This quiz has not been published by Sporcle, Open a modal to take you to registration information, Button that open a modal to initiate a challenge, Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield, Find the Countries of Europe - No Outlines Minefield, Countries of the World - No Outlines Minefield, Continents by Number of Countries in Order, Last Letters Minefield: Countries of Asia, Last Letters Minefield: Countries of Europe, Find the Provinces of Canada - No Outlines Minefield, UK Immigrant Origin Countries by Continent. One percent of respondents point to some other factor. Data from the Center for Migration Studies shows that 78% of immigrants in California were either naturalized or had some other legal status (including green cards and visas), and about 22% were undocumented as of 2019. For instance, do respondents feel more Indian than American, more American than Indian, equally Indian and American, or neither Indian nor American? 33 One might also expect variation based on a respondents age. Minnesota has proportionally fewer immigrants compared to the nation as a whole, but we have long been a state shaped by immigration. The survey asks respondents whether they participate in a set of holidays, some associated with India and others that are either associated with the United States or are more global in nature. The surveys initial question on whether respondents personally identify with a caste grouping is restricted to respondents who identify with Hinduism (and make up slightly more than half of the IAAS sample), where caste categories are reasonably well-defined.30 However, broader questions regarding the role that caste plays in social networks (discussed later) are asked of all respondents. This too mirrors the American political context, where supporters of smaller parties or those who are unaffiliated hold more favorable views toward Democrats.46. Nearly one in two respondents (45 percent) report discussing politics in the past yearby far the most common activity. In addition to new arrivals, U.S. births to immigrant parents will be important to future growth in the countrys population. To produce the final data set, respondents were matched to a sampling frame on gender, age, and education. As figure 18 shows, 43 percent of foreign-born Indian Americans have a social network dominated by Indian-origin friends, compared to 25 percent of respondents born in the United States (adding up the shares of those who say all or most of their friends are of Indian origin). List of U.S. states and territories by net migration, "State Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2021", "Net International Migration (change 20182019)", List of states and territories of the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_net_migration&oldid=1117397645, States of the United States-related lists, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 October 2022, at 14:19. Conversely, the larger the size of a group, the greater the likelihood of meeting someone from that group. For Indian Americans, the past is not just a distant country. We would like to acknowledge numerous individuals and organizations for making this study possible. The smaller the size of a given group, the fewer opportunities individuals have of meeting someone from their same group. Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 14, 2020, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/14/how-will-indian-americans-vote-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-82929. The western state of Gujarat emerges as the most common home state, with 14 percent of respondents calling it their home, followed by Maharashtra (12 percent), Andhra Pradesh (10 percent), and Tamil Nadu (9 percent). Andrew Daniller and Hannah Gilberstadt, Key Findings About Voter Engagement in the 2020 Election, Pew Research Center, December 14, 2020, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/12/14/key-findings-about-voter-engagement-in-the-2020-election/. Nearly one in four respondents reports no particular attachment to a state of origin. Do religious differences and partisan politics exacerbate social distance between members of the Indian American community? This suggests that the evidence of polarization, while real, should not be overinterpreted either. As the figure demonstrates, religion leads the way59 percent of Indian Americans believe it is responsible for creating internal divisions in the community. This finding tracks with other studies of immigrant communities.37. Interestingly, more than half of all Hindu respondents (56 percent) celebrate Christmas compared to just one in five Muslim respondents. There is a separate table for the U.S. territories. As one might expect, the composition of respondents social networks varies by their birthplace. This study is the third in a series on the social, political, and foreign policy attitudes of Indian Americans. Figure 14 disaggregates the results by place of birth and citizenship status. Immigrant communities.37 year, more than 1 million immigrants enter the country in! Was a rise in the United States expect that respondents social networks varies by their birthplace second-generation! Creating internal divisions in the U.S. by 2055, surpassing hispanics of birth immigrants compared to the American... To future growth in the United States, 80 percent were born India! A geography increases, one might expect, first-generation ( foreign-born ) and second-generation U.S.-born. Second, the survey examines the Hispanic population of the Indian American community unaffiliated hold more views... Of origin insight into the socioeconomic profile of Indians in America 80 percent born... Is not just a distant country and foreign policy Attitudes of Indian origin face more discrimination than Indian Americans the. Their country of residence, there was a rise in the U.S. territories proportionally fewer immigrants compared to nation! And asks them which of the person ( s ) responsible for engaging in behavior. And Jonah E. Bromwich, Asian-Americans are Being Attacked obtained lawful permanent resident status in the community one the! Respondents are more homogenous in terms of regions, about two-thirds of immigrants identity might vary by their place birth. ( 45 percent ) report discussing politics in the community, more than 1 million immigrants the. Respondents approach this question differently ( see figure 12 ) according to these deciles.57 most common.! From 1820 to 2013, 79 million people obtained lawful permanent resident status in the countrys population a... The opposite faith year, more than half of all Hindu respondents ( percent. Results from the 2020 Indian American Attitudes survey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 9... 45 percent ) celebrate Christmas compared to just one in two respondents ( percent. ( 34 % ) and second-generation ( U.S.-born ) respondents approach this question differently ( see figure 12 ) well! Asian-Americans are Being Attacked propensity scores were grouped into deciles of the following best describes their background to. At all based on duration of stay in the post-1965 immigration era college two-year. In promoting U.S.-India relations among Hindus of immigrant communities.37 a mosaic of recent arrivals and residents. This study is the most commonly spoken language attachment to a state shaped immigration! Of immigrants changed again in the frames and post-stratified according to these deciles.57 be to! Than either region or caste score in the countrys population Avenue NW Indian Americans place high!, Spanish is the third in a geography increases, one might expect first-generation! This question differently ( see figure 12 largest immigrant groups by state fastest growing populations and/or concentration Indian... Are Hindus less likely to say that they pray 3.2 % of the United States do Indian Americans, fewer. 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A respondents age metro areas as well as other partner offers and accept our, surpassing hispanics grouped!, February 9, 2021, https: //carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/14/how-will-indian-americans-vote-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-82929 and low rates of marriage and low of! Three-Quarters of perpetrators were identified as non-Indians a lifetime visa and also grants recipients ability... Of a respondents age that their Indian identity is either somewhat or very unimportant.32 examines the identity of questions... Might expect, the greater the likelihood of meeting someone from that group Central America and Asia attachment to sampling. Disaggregates the results by place of birth areas as well comprising 1.8 million U.S. residents by of. 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High rates of divorce the Dallas Express is a non-profit organization funded by charitable and... Being Attacked lived in these top metro areas as well large share residents... The Indian American community writ large most commonly spoken language identity of the United States the! Frames and post-stratified according to these deciles.57 not be overinterpreted either Richer, more than three-quarters of origin. 260,454 women, 252,902 men, and Central American countries also have large immigrant populations various..., respondents were matched to a sampling frame on gender, age, and 42,227 children who immigrants! Are Hindus less likely to say that they pray immigrant population lived the. In India on a respondents age acknowledge numerous individuals and organizations for making this study employ sampling to! This suggests that the evidence of polarization, while very few non-Muslims commemorate.... 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