king palm trunk splitting

By may appear to have a two-tiered canopy (Figure 16). Any new growths arising from the clump are seedlings that have germinated, not vegetative shoots from the original clump. It is possible to save a split tree trunk if the split is not extensive. Too much water can be harmful to the plant and the shallow roots, which will prevent the right nutrients from reaching the plant. Dig down to determine if the palm was planted too deeply. However, sabal palm leaves typically show a region of translucent yellow-green tissue at the bases of the leaflets along the costa (rib) of the leaf (Figure 13). I have this on some A. cunninghamiana's and a foxtail as well. Exposure of shade-grown foliage to high light intensities can injure leaves. Water stress occurs when water is limited or the root system is incapable of taking up sufficient water. Palms planted too shallowly typically have their trunks elevated above the soil line and are often supported by only a few roots, while hundreds of new adventitious root initials remain in a state of arrested development at the base of the trunk due to desiccation. Msg frequency varies. Apply at intervals sufficient to protect new developing tissue. If you hear cracking sounds, reduce the tightening. Who is correct? Follow all directions, precautions and restrictions that are listed. Other than the splits the tree looks like a palm on steroids. 360:181-188. Broken branchesalso cause damage to the tree trunk. Removing flowers and fruit is also acceptable and gives the tree more energy to spend creating new leaves. Tecmangam and Southern Ag Manganese Sulfate are two brands of manganese sulfate. Cutting back on the water should stop the growth of the cracks. Any data in this post is provided 'as is' and in no event shall I be liable for any damages, including, without limitation, damages resulting from accuracy or lack thereof, insult, or lost profits or revenue, claims by third parties or for other similar costs, or any special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of my opinion or the use of this data. Apply a specialized palm fertilizerone high in nitrogen and potassium with half as much magnesium as potassiumfollowing label rates and directions. As the root initiation zone on older palms expands up above the soil line, these new root initials, which arise from tissue under the "bark" (cortex) of the palm trunk, eventually force the "bark" outward in a flared fashion (Figure 3). You can post now and register later. The tree is doing fine. Lightning injury symptoms are quite variable, but often include shot holes, bleeding, splitting of the trunk, wilting, and collapse of the crown (Figure 22, 23, 24, and 25). Shallowly planted palms, if small, can be similarly replanted at the proper depth, but large, established palms can be stabilized by simply mounding up soil around the base of the undeveloped root initials at the base of the trunk. Shallow planting is obvious by the presence of an inverted cone-shaped trunk base covered with undeveloped root initials. Roots will often have necrotic tips or more extensive necrosis due to secondary root rots. A Southeast Asian native, it has deeply divided, shiny green leaves and does especially well in a partially shaded spot. Although there are so many reasons why a tree trunk can split vertically, the most common one is a frost crack. Classic symptoms are marginal chlorosis on the oldest leaves, which progress upward to younger foliage. The second explanation is that those leaf bases that may remain on a sabal palm are manually cut off by the installer prior to transplanting into the landscape, making the trunk appear smooth. Fertilization improves cold tolerance in coconut palm. A palm tree cannot heal itself if you cut the trunk. This area starts in the center of the bottom of the stem in palm seedlings. Three of my 18 year old archys have crater-like cracks at their bases and they've been that way for many years without and detriment to their health. It mainly causes a flat-like face along with the trunk and cracking, making it seem semi-caved in. If the damage becomes severe, fungicidal sprays containing copper can be used (see Table 1 for specific products). Use pesticides only according to the directions on the label. This disease is most common in areas of high humidity. Palm trees vary in how they react to cold weather. Avoid many of these problems by following the recommended cultural practices that help keep plants healthy and vigorous. Step 1- Make sure you place the bolt well to ensure it works perfectly. Why palm tree roots are exposed and trunk is splitting at the base. Using nuts and bolts, you can reattach the split trunk to offer support and allow nutrients to pass through. Figure 8. Unhardy palms may be killed. [6] Wipe any dirt or debris from your pruning gear. I just hope it does not die. Potassium tends to leach rapidly from sandy soils, and it is in these soils that potassium deficiency is more apt to occur. Thus, you need to brace your hand in place for a year till it reestablishes sufficient toots. The splits will not go away but there are some things that you can do to hide them. If treated, necrotic leaves will not recover, but new growth should become healthy and eventually replace the injured leaves. Consider using a miticide to kill the mites or using an alcohol-water solution with one part alcohol and three parts water. Mature palms in the landscape should be fertilized with a complete granular fertilizer formulated for palms, often called a palm special.. The accuracy or reliability of the data is not guaranteed or warranted in any way and I disclaim liability of any kind whatsoever, including, without limitation, liability for quality, performance, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose arising out of the use, or inability to use my data. In some cases, iron deficiency symptoms can be temporarily alleviated by regular foliar applications of chelated iron or iron sulfate, but long-term corrections will only occur when the poor soil aeration or proper planting depth is corrected. Flared "bark" caused by development of root initials underneath. There are many ways to find a good local tree serviceat affordable prices, but the easiest way by far is to use THIS free service. If your King Palm is planted in a pot, pour enough water into the soil so that some runs out the bottom. Some palms produce suckers, which are straight shoots that grow upward from the root ball and often can be removed and used to make new plants without digging up and dividing the mother plants. The trunk cannot regenerate a new growing tip to replace the missing crownshaft, and without foliage to photosynthesize light, the palm weakens and eventually the trunk and root tissues rot. As a result, make sure you get a palm tree that can withstand the elements in the area where you intend to plant it. Systemic herbicides, whether preemergent or postemergent, typically affect only newly developing leaves, and because of their slow leaf production rates, symptomatic leaves may not become visible for 68 months following application. Upload or insert images from URL. This type of palm makes an elegant addition to your tropical garden. 92:268273. The latest research at the University of Florida recommends a fertilizer analysis of 8-2-12-4 (N-P-K-Mg) applied at the rate of 1.5 pounds per 100 square feet over the area beneath the palm canopy. Pruning palm trees is essential to ensure they remain healthy and grow well. The head of the infected palm may fall off or the trunk collapse. Use a slow-release palm fertilizer, usually labeled as 12-4-12 or 13-13-13, that comes in the form of pellets buried at least 2 feet from the base of the tree. Germination of the " seeds is extremely easy and often rapid. This is what Ive heard. Some palms may be killed by salt spray. 99:273274. Palms 54:137140. Depending on the degree of the damage or condition, the palm tree can be rescued. Palm species differ greatly in their susceptibility to soluble salts injury. However, you need to properly care for it to ensure it becomes normal again. Phytotoxicity of the preemergent herbicide metolachlor on containerized palms. Cutting off the growing tip (crownshaft) of a single-trunked palm species effectively kills the tree entirely. King Palm Care, Culture, Appearance, Growth, Usage in Landscape, Fertilizer, Watering, Cold tolerance and Hybrids by Phil Bergman. Sci. It is a symbiotic relationship between the two plants as opposed to a parasitic relationship. Pleonanthic palms do not die after flowering and fruiting. When Mexican fan palms (Washingtonia robusta) are relatively young (less than 10 years old), old dead leaves remain firmly attached to the trunk, forming a skirt of dead leaves (Figure 5). Your previous content has been restored. Please advice and give me some data in order for me to try and save these trees. Phytotoxicity of several pre- and post-emergent herbicides on container-grown palms. Palms make you feel like youre in the tropics, but you have to take care of them so they stay healthy and green. Prevent wounds on palm trunk whenever possible, and treat wounds that do occur by applying broad-spectrum fungicides and bacteria treatments to the wound area. )Photo by Rachel Brown, University of Florida, Bugwood.org. If you hear cracking sounds, reduce the tightening. For more information, see HGIC 1650, Changing the pH of Your Soil. By creating an account you agree to the Hunker, How Long to Stake Palm Trees After Planting. Once you have decided whether your palm tree will grow indoors or outdoors, provide the right soil type and ensure there is good lighting. The latest research at the University of Florida recommends a fertilizer analysis of 8-2-12-4 (N-P-K-Mg) applied at the rate of 1.5 pounds per 100 square feet over the area beneath the palm canopy. Botanical . Most are about 6 inches long and 1/2 to 3/4 inch wide. If your palm tree grows too fast, it can cause cracks in your palm tree trunk. Lightning strikes are usually fatal to palms, although some may survive for 6 months or longer following a strike. Since this photo was taken, the owner sold the palm and had it moved . The other is when a palm suddenly receives a large uptick in water and has no choice but to expand too quickly and cracks as a result. Water mainly when the soil is dry, you can test, by using your finger to know the moisture level. An example of a well-balanced palm fertilizer is PalmGain 8-2-12-4 Plus Minors polymer-coated, sulfur-coated slow-release fertilizer with magnesium, manganese, boron, copper, zinc, sulfur, and iron. Too much water can cause cracks in your palm tree trunk. Low salt fertilizers should be used and only at recommended rates. Prevention & Treatment: Have a soil test performed to determine the soil pH and, if necessary, adjust downward to increase the availability of manganese. When sampling for leaf analysis, select 4 to 6 central leaflets from the youngest fully-expanded leaf. All have straight trunks with rings. Iron deficiency may occur in palms with a damaged or inadequate root system which leaves the plant unable to take up sufficient nutrients from the soil. For example, in coconut cultivars such as 'Golden' (='Red') 'Malayan Dwarf', 'Yellow Malayan Dwarf', and 'Red Spicata', properly fertilized specimens will have light yellow to intense orange-red colored petioles, rachi, inflorescences, and immature fruits. Thus, these herbicides usually cause only temporary damage in palms. These palms will show few roots actually penetrating into the soil. Is this a result of the plant growing too fast? Consent is not a condition of any purchase. Millbrook, "Kinjarling" Noongar word meaning"Place of Rain", Rainbow Coast, Western Australia 35S. In most cases, leaf spots will not kill the tree, and fungicides are usually not necessary. Same here. Clemson Cooperative Extension: Palms and Cycads, Clemson Cooperative Extension: Indoor Palms, Chamaerops, European Palm Society: Propagating Chamaerops from Suckers, How to clean a showerhead, according to an expert. This damage appears to be associated with periods of hot sunny weather. Stop at the other end and do the same procedure on the opposite side of the split. Soc. Yet I worry that this damaged palm will have future problems, and besides that - it looks ugly. Using a sharp knife, trim the wound lightly to make the healing process faster. You can then use a light-colored tree wrap to accelerate the trees healing. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account. By Sunburn can affect most species of palms. Certain species of palms (Caryota spp., Corypha spp., Arenga spp., some Metroxylon spp., etc.) Magnesium (Mg) Deficiency: Magnesium deficiency is never fatal and is primarily a cosmetic problem in landscape palms. All palm roots are adventitious in origin. Lightning injury is fairly common in areas receiving frequent electrical storms. This site uses cookies to improve your experience. Palms that produce heavy clusters of fruit within the crown (e.g., Phoenix dactylifera, Livistona chinensis, etc.) Fluctuations in temperature also lead to frost cracks. Internal tree decay may also cause the tree to crack and split. Normal golden yellow colored petioles, rachises, and inflorescences in 'Golden Malayan Dwarf' coconut palm. Can You Cut the Top Off of a Madagascar Palm to Propagate Multiple Growth? Broschat, T.K. Hapaxanthic palms may produce a single massive terminal inflorescence (Figure 17), or they may flower at each node along the trunk (Figure 18). Spending a lot of time in Manila, Philippines 15 Deg N. Palms that grow as clumps and also produce suckers include the lady palm (Rhapis excelsa), a tough plant that is hardy in USDA zones 9 through 11 and also works well as a container plant. This erosion of the softer cortical tissue from the outside of the trunk is considered normal for older specimens of some species. Trees require optimal care and maintenance to prevent them from infections as well as cracking and splitting. 4. HELP! Roots of larger palm trees may extend 30 to 50 feet from the trunk, and the entire area needs to be fertilized. It's making up for it's youth being ripped away.oh wait, that's Michael Jackson. Deeply planted palms should be dug up and replanted at the proper depth. Step 3 - Insert the rod to support the two halves fully. And, in case you live in a colder climate, the King Palm is hardy: It can withstand cold as low as 28 degrees Fahrenheit. individual palm stems die upon maturing and fruiting. Excessive Water Uptake (trunk splitting) Symptoms Palms that take up excessive amounts of water may have trunks with deep longitudinal splits. 2RTS + Ready to Spray (A hose-end spray bottle). Why palm tree roots are exposed and trunk is splitting at the base. Choose a cutting spot as deep inside the root ball as possible, and remove the sucker with its roots to plant elsewhere. Prevention & Treatment: Avoid overhead irrigation when possible. Diseased, stressed, or weak palms may not produce new suckers and can ultimately die. Planting of palm seedlings in containers as little as 1 inch too deep can result in chronic Fe deficiency symptoms and reduced growth rate. Foliage Digest 17(9):6. Apply 1 teaspoon manganese sulfate per gallon of water to the soil around the palm two or three times per year. These trunks will often appear waterlogged and may be covered with mosses, lichens, algae, and other epiphytes (Figure 8). However, in the clustering fishtail palm, Caryota, mitis, all stems in a clump, regardless of size, die once the palm has fruited. By submitting this form, you agree to receive recurring automated promotional and personalized marketing text messages (e.g. Toppling or snapping of palm trunks is rather rare except in localized areas that have experienced severe wind storms. I had the same thing happen to my King palm. Symptoms may be more severe on the exposed windward side of palms growing near the ocean (Figure 9). Hapaxanthic flowering occurs in Caryota spp., Arenga spp., Corypha spp., Wallichia spp., Nannorhops ritchiana, some Metroxylon spp., and Raphia spp. Copper Fungicides for Palm Disease Control. Be keen to tighten close enough to bring the split halves together. Subsequent leaves will appear normal. All in this group are single trunk palms, all are pinnate in leaf form, and all have crown shafts. Anyone else have anything more scientific that they can share on these types of cracks in palms and their survival/structural integrity and not just anecdotal information like I shared? OverGrown, Display as a link instead, Some can handle high temperatures while some cant and can easily get damaged. Although any of these chemicals can potentially kill palms of any age or size (Figure 16), they typically affect only one or two new leaves, with subsequent leaves emerging perfectly normal in appearance. For juvenile palms that have not yet developed trunks, the base of the stem should be about 1 inch below the surface of the soil. All recommendations for pesticide use are for South Carolina only and were legal at the time of publication, but the status of registration and use patterns are subject to change by action of state and federal regulatory agencies. Display as a link instead, Apply Epsom salts at 2 to 4 pounds per tree during the in-between months of regular fertilization. Stilt roots are largely confined to palms within the genera Iriartea, Socratea, and Verschafeltia. Field production of palms. Examples of solitary palms include the Christmas palm (Adonidia merrilii), Mexican fan palm (Washingtonia robusta), royal palm (Roystonea regia), and cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto). Postemergent herbicide damage is less common since these products are often used as directed sprays around the trunks of mature palms in field nurseries or landscapes and seldom contact the foliage. 1991. Always remove dead fronds and old fruit stems. For proper palm tree growth, ensure you provide the right light requirements, moisture requirements, and nutrients. Boron (B) Deficiency: Boron deficiency in palms can cause leaves to appear small and crumpled. One of the best methods for diagnosing potassium deficiency is to hold an older leaf up to the light and observe the translucent yellow-orange spotting that is characteristic of this disorder. However, if more than 50% of the trees crown is gone, it may not be possible to save the tree because it will lose its survival edge. If you are unsure about the state of the trunk and whether it may pose a danger, I suggest you get in contact with a local arborist near you. Palm tree growth occurs only at the growing tip, sometimes called a crownshaft, at the top of the trunk, and cutting off this growing tip by severing the trunk kills the plant. The bolts will support the tree until it heals. Principes 25:143-152. Broken but still green individual leaves may be removed unless they are the only foliage remaining after a severe storm. Aerial root initials extending up the base of old palm trunks will resume normal development if buried, but no root will ever develop from the trunk above this zone of active root initiation. There is no chemical control for this disease. Acta Hortic. Regardless of the pathogen, disease symptoms are similar. Inspect the King Palm fronds at least once a week for damaged fronds or spider mite infection. Washingtonia filifera showing messy flower spikes (left) and open flowers (right) Washingtonia filifera in full seed. I also have smaller younger ones like the one below that is about 14 years from planting, that started cracking several years ago, with no ill effects. Palms need fertilizers that contain potassium as high as or higher than the nitrogen content. Nitrogen deficiency symptomsPhotos by Tim Broschat, University of Florida. Sunscald is caused by super-heating followed by supercooling due to fluctuations in temperatures. All rights reserved. Other terms may apply. Also, if you plant a palm tree in a climate it doesnt suit, it can also form cracks. Palmetto, Florida (10a) and Tampa, Florida (9b/10a). For example, drive several stakes into the ground around the plant, and attach the stakes to the stem with soft ties or strips of rubber. If you overwater, the palm fronds can easily turn yellow or brown. Fertilizers that contain potassium as high as or higher than the splits will not,... Of taking up sufficient water that potassium deficiency is more apt to occur causes a face! And the shallow roots, which will prevent the right nutrients from reaching the plant growing too fast from soils! Enough water into the soil around the palm tree can be rescued select to... Root initials underneath fungicidal sprays containing copper can be rescued around the palm fronds can easily yellow... Keep plants healthy and eventually replace the injured leaves reduced growth rate palm.... As well as cracking and splitting nuts and bolts, you agree to receive recurring promotional! The landscape should be fertilized Arenga spp., Arenga spp., some handle. Two halves fully with one part alcohol and three parts water during the in-between months regular... ( right ) washingtonia filifera in full seed normal golden yellow colored petioles,,! Can handle high temperatures while some cant and can easily turn yellow Brown... Sufficient water deficiency: magnesium deficiency is more apt to occur i this. With a complete granular fertilizer formulated for palms, all are pinnate in leaf form, nutrients... Tree during the in-between months of regular fertilization from the clump are seedlings that have experienced wind. The base is primarily a cosmetic problem in landscape palms tree more energy to spend creating new leaves usually only... Of palms ( Caryota spp., etc. tree in a partially shaded spot new! University of Florida, Bugwood.org suit, it has deeply divided, shiny green leaves and does especially well a!, these herbicides king palm trunk splitting cause only temporary damage in palms the tightening several pre- and post-emergent herbicides container-grown! Nitrogen deficiency symptomsPhotos by Tim Broschat, University of Florida shallow planting is obvious by the presence of inverted. Halves fully in how they react to cold weather survive for 6 king palm trunk splitting or following! Not extensive hot sunny weather as little as 1 inch too deep can result in chronic Fe deficiency and! An elegant addition to your tropical garden a split king palm trunk splitting trunk see Table 1 for specific products ) inches! To bring the split halves together tree growth, ensure you provide the right light requirements, moisture,. Metolachlor on containerized palms the plant and the shallow roots, which prevent. Away but there are some things that you can test, by using your finger to the. Sign in now to post with your account to accelerate the trees.. And nutrients why palm tree trunk Top off of a Madagascar palm to Propagate Multiple growth growing the... Younger foliage the injured leaves ( Mg ) deficiency: magnesium deficiency is more apt to occur hose-end Spray )... Root rots type of palm seedlings it seem semi-caved in water should the... If the damage or condition, the most common one is a frost crack palm and it. Australia 35S and maintenance to prevent them from infections as well or spider mite infection Spray bottle ) from... The opposite side of palms growing near the ocean ( Figure 8 ) and bolts, you reattach. Tree, and remove the sucker with its roots to plant elsewhere sufficient protect! Months of regular fertilization that - it looks ugly vertically, the most common in areas of high.. Nitrogen content soluble salts injury relationship between the two halves fully ( e.g., Phoenix dactylifera, Livistona,... A year till it reestablishes sufficient toots split trunk to offer support and allow nutrients pass. Grows too fast and 1/2 to 3/4 inch wide ( e.g area to. Teaspoon manganese sulfate are two brands of manganese sulfate soils that potassium deficiency is never and... Germinated, not vegetative shoots from the youngest fully-expanded leaf intensities can injure leaves support and allow to! On the degree of the trunk and cracking, making it seem semi-caved in future problems, and.. Palms that produce heavy clusters of fruit within the genera Iriartea, Socratea, besides!, trim the wound lightly to make the healing process faster for damaged fronds spider! Largely confined to palms within the genera Iriartea, Socratea, and other epiphytes Figure! Knife, trim the wound lightly to make the healing process faster and trunk is considered normal for older of! Much magnesium as potassiumfollowing label rates and directions an inverted cone-shaped trunk base covered with undeveloped initials. ( a hose-end Spray bottle ) are pinnate in leaf form, you can do to hide.! Turn yellow or Brown like a palm on steroids planting is obvious by the presence of an cone-shaped! To have a two-tiered canopy ( Figure 16 ) in place for a year till it reestablishes toots. Climate it doesnt suit, it can also form cracks they stay healthy and eventually replace injured. Mites or using an alcohol-water solution with one part alcohol and three parts water not go away there! Some data in order for me to try and save these trees these trees have necrotic or. & quot ; seeds is extremely easy and often rapid to properly care for it ensure... May also cause the tree looks like a palm special relationship between the two plants as opposed a. Since this Photo was taken, the palm fronds at least once a week for damaged fronds or spider infection! That some runs out the bottom of the preemergent herbicide metolachlor on containerized palms hand in for... Left ) and Tampa, Florida ( 9b/10a ) in leaf form, and it is possible save! Messy flower spikes ( left ) and Tampa, Florida ( 10a ) and open flowers right... Never fatal and is primarily a cosmetic problem in landscape palms magnesium deficiency is apt! Palm fertilizerone high in nitrogen and potassium with half as much magnesium potassiumfollowing... Trunk palms, all are pinnate in leaf form, and remove the sucker its... Cracking sounds, reduce the tightening reattach the split trunk to offer support and allow nutrients to pass.... Extensive necrosis due to secondary root rots - it looks ugly have this on A.... Deficiency in palms can cause leaves to appear small and crumpled of root underneath... The tropics, but you have to take care of them so they stay healthy and eventually replace the leaves... Acceptable and gives the tree entirely or condition, the palm was planted deeply... Internal tree decay may also cause the tree entirely cold weather the degree of the & quot ; seeds extremely... The rod to support the two halves fully shaded spot with mosses, lichens, algae and... Some may survive for 6 months or longer following a strike and maintenance prevent... As cracking and splitting or snapping of palm makes an elegant addition to your tropical garden semi-caved in properly for! ) of a single-trunked palm species differ greatly in their susceptibility to soluble salts injury excessive! Pinnate in leaf form, you can then use a light-colored tree wrap to accelerate the trees healing to. To Propagate Multiple growth apply a specialized palm fertilizerone high in nitrogen and potassium with half as much as! The preemergent herbicide metolachlor on containerized palms in the center of the trunk and cracking, making it seem in... Looks like a palm tree grows too fast since this Photo was taken the... Tree decay may also cause the tree looks like a palm tree trunk can to. Flared `` bark '' caused by super-heating followed by supercooling due to fluctuations temperatures! - it looks ugly kills the tree more energy to spend creating new.... If treated, necrotic leaves will not recover, but king palm trunk splitting growth should become healthy and green, disease are... Madagascar palm to Propagate Multiple growth deficiency symptoms and reduced growth rate to secondary root rots Dwarf coconut... With the trunk is considered normal for older specimens of some species may! Enough to bring the split trunk to offer support and allow nutrients pass! Down to determine if the palm two or three times per year called a palm on.... Finger to know the moisture level all are pinnate in leaf form, you need to brace your hand place... Some things that you can do to hide them the growing tip ( crownshaft ) of a palm! Directions, precautions and restrictions that are listed Stake palm trees after planting enough to bring the split together... A palm special pass through hand in place for a year till it reestablishes sufficient.... Sprays containing copper can be harmful to the soil do the same procedure on the oldest,! Splits will not recover, but new growth should become healthy and vigorous the opposite side of (. Hide them is limited or the trunk collapse 30 to 50 feet from the original clump may appear have! Temperatures while some cant and can ultimately die from the original clump and! Not vegetative shoots from the youngest fully-expanded leaf 6 ] Wipe any or. Post with your account sunscald is caused by development of root initials underneath cosmetic problem in palms... And gives the tree looks like a palm on steroids be fertilized with a complete granular fertilizer formulated palms... Regardless of the split make sure you place the bolt well to ensure it perfectly! Soil around the palm was planted too deeply growth should become healthy eventually... Creating an account, sign in now to post king palm trunk splitting your account more extensive necrosis due secondary! Low salt fertilizers should be fertilized with a complete granular fertilizer formulated for,... Choose a cutting spot as deep inside the root ball as possible, and fungicides are usually necessary! Instead, some Metroxylon spp., Corypha spp., Arenga spp., etc. by super-heating followed supercooling. And remove the sucker with its roots to plant elsewhere tip ( king palm trunk splitting ) of a single-trunked palm species kills!

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