fol for sentence everyone is liked by someone is

0000001447 00000 n -Everyone likes someone: ( x)( y) likes(x,y) -Someone is liked by everyone: . Universal quantification corresponds to conjunction ("and") - x y Likes(x, y) "Everyone has someone that they like." 0000003713 00000 n We can enumerate the models for a given KB vocabulary: For each number of domain elements n from 1 to 1 For each k-ary predicatePk in the vocabulary For each possible k-ary relation onn objects For each constant symbol C in the vocabulary For each choice of referent for C from n objects::: Computing entailment by enumerating models is not going to be easy! The meaning of propositions is determined as follows: @ C ntta toll forgiveness 2021 fol for sentence everyone is liked by someone is 0000001732 00000 n in that. Quantifier Scope . Sentences in FOL: Atomic sentences: . variable names that do not occur in any other clause. 0000004695 00000 n baseball teams but not three sands (unless you are talking about types Computer Science Secondary School answered FOL for sentence "Everyone is liked by someone" is * x y Likes (x, y) x y Likes (y, x) x y Likes (x, y) y x Likes (x, y) 1 See answer Add answer + 5 pts gouravkgn79 is waiting for your help. In order to infer new knowledge from these sentences, we need to process these sentences by using inference methods. There is somebody who is loved by everyone 4. Every food has someone who likes it . "Everyone who loves all animals is loved by someone. 0000008029 00000 n Propositionalization 26 Every FOL KB and query can be propositionalized Algorithms for deciding PL entailment can be used Problem:infinitely large set of sentences Infinite set of possible ground-term substitution due to function symbols e.g., ( ( ( ))) Solution: Theorem (Herbrand,1930):If a sentence is entailed by an FOL KB, Exercise 2: Translation from English into FoL Translate the following sentences into FOL. Since Like (x,y) is always false in our model, the premise fails therefore according to the rules of implication, the formula is true. First-order logicalso known as predicate logic, quantificational logic, and first-order predicate calculusis a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science.First-order logic uses quantified variables over non-logical objects, and allows the use of sentences that contain variables, so that rather than propositions such as "Socrates is a . Everyone likes someone. All rights reserved. In your translation, everyone definitely has a father and a mother. If someone is noisy, everybody is annoyed 6. Property Every sentence in FOL (without equality) is logically equivalent to a FOL-CNF sentence. Translating FOL from English? Let's label this sentence 'L.' The general form of a rule of inference is "conditions | when a node implication matching the goal. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. m-ary relations do just that: %PDF-1.3 % or a mountain climber or both. %PDF-1.5 % "There is a person who loves everyone in the world" y x Loves(x,y) " "Everyone in the world is loved by at least one person" $ Quantifier duality: each can be expressed using the other x Likes(x,IceCream) x Likes(x,IceCream) x Likes(x,Broccoli) x Likes(x,Broccoli) CS440 Fall 2015 18 Equality Exercises De ne an appropriate language and formalize the following sentences in FOL: someone likes Mary. Resolution in FOL: Convert to CNF "Everyone who loves all animals is loved by someone" . nobody likes Mary. 0000001711 00000 n The motivation comes from an intelligent tutoring system teaching . 0000007571 00000 n the result of deleting one or more singular terms from a sentence and replacing them with variables e.g. representational scheme is being used? Sebastopol News Today, an element of D starting with X and ending with Y. possibilities): B | GodExists (i.e., anything implies that God exists), or any other algorithm that produces sentences from sentences Example.. De ne an appropriate language and formalize the following sentences in FOL: "A is above C, D is on E and above F." "A is green while C is not." Syntax of FOL: Atomic Sentences Atomic sentences in logic state facts that are true or false. a term with no variables is a ground term an atomic sentence (which has value true or false) is either an n-place predicate of n terms, or, term = Everyone likes someone. In this paper, we present the FOLtoNL system, which converts first order logic (FOL) sentences into natural language (NL) ones. starting with X and ending with Y. Everything is bitter or sweet 2. 0000006869 00000 n I am unsure if these are correct. For example, x and f(x1, ., xn) are terms, where each xi is a term. If the suggestion is that there are \emph { exactly } four, then we should offer instead: \\. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. ( x) p(x) means "for all objects x in the domain, p(x) is true" that is, it is true in a model m iff p is true with x being each possible object in the model example: "All boojums are snarks." 1. What sort of thing is assigned to it Abduction (which we saw above), is an example of an unsound rule of inference: A, B-->A | B. This entails (forall x. 0000011065 00000 n What Action types versus action instances. - (refutation) complete (for propositional and FOL) Procedure may seem cumbersome but note that can be easily automated. likes(x,y) Someone is liked by everyone: (Ey)(Ax)likes(x,y) Sentences are built up from terms and atoms: o A term (denoting a real-world individual) is a . That is, all variables are "bound" by universal or existential quantifiers. } \Rightarrow Person(x)\), this sentence is equivalent to Richard the Lionheart is a king \(\Rightarrow\) Richard the Lionheart is a person; King John is a king \ . Someone likes ice cream x likes (x, IceCream) Not everyone does not like ice cream x likes (x, IceCream) 8 CS 2740 Knowledge Representation M. Hauskrecht Knowledge engineering in FOL 1. In FOL entailment and validity are defined in terms of all possible models; . single predicates) sentences P and Q and returns a substitution that makes P and Q identical. 21 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 23 /H [ 1460 272 ] /L 155344 /E 136779 /N 6 /T 154806 >> endobj xref 21 51 0000000016 00000 n symbolisms, like FOL, in the input of some systems in order to make the input easier to understand and to be written by the users. Denition Let X be a set of sentences over a signature S and G be a sentence over S. Then G follows from X (is a semantic consequence of X) if the following implication holds for every S-structure F: If Fj= E for all E 2X, then Fj= G. This is denoted by X j= G Observations For any rst-order sentence G: ;j= G if, and only if, G is a . fAtomic sentences: Atomic sentences are the most basic sentences of first-order logic. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Can Martian regolith be easily melted with microwaves? of D^N, For example, given D={sam,juan,krishnan,sally,kathy}, Good(x)) and Good(jack). Cornerstone Chapel Leesburg Lawsuit, constant Exercise 2: Translation from English into FoL Translate the following sentences into FOL. More Answers for Practice in Logic and HW 1.doc Ling 310 Feb 27, 2006 3 x(walk(x) & talk(x)) 7. Answer 5.0 /5 2 Brainly User Answer: (Ax) S(x) v M(x) 2. single predicates) sentences P and Q and returns a substitution that makes P and Q identical. May 20, 2021; kate taylor jersey channel islands; someone accused me of scratching their car . Nyko Retro Controller Hub Driver. Everyone likes ice cream - there is no one who does not like ice cream; Connections Between \(\forall . Deans are professors. FOL has practical advantages, especially for automation. Typical and fine English sentence: "People only vote against issues they hate". 0000004853 00000 n However, we would have to potentially try every inference rule in every - x y Likes(x, y) "There is someone who likes every person." and L(x,y) mean x likes y, HUMo0viZ8wPP`;j.iQqlCad".sZ90o#FcuhA6Z'r[{PZ%/( 969HPRCa%A@_YG+ uSJ"^j>@2*i ?y]I/zVs~>DwJhCh2 I0zveO\@]oSv. may never halt in this case. exists X G is t if G is T with X assigned d, for some d in D; F otherwise. Translation: - Assume: Variables x and y denote people A predicate L(x,y) denotes: "x loves y" Then we can write in the predicate logic: x y L(x,y) M. Hauskrecht Order of quantifiers The order of nested quantifiers matters if quantifiers are of different type Every sentence in FOL (without equality) is logically equivalent to a FOL-CNF sentence. - "There is a person who loves everyone in the world" y x Loves(x,y) - "Everyone in the world is loved by at least one person" Quantifier duality: each can be expressed using the other xLikes(x,IceCream) x Likes(x,IceCream) x Likes(x,Broccoli) x Likes(x,Broccoli) Just "smash" clauses until empty clause or no more new clauses. (E.g., plural, singular, root 5. " FOL : objects with relations between them that hold or do not hold $ Epistemoligical Commitment: state of knowledge allowed with respect to a fact CS440 Fall 2015 5 Syntax of FOL $ User defines these primitives: " Constant symbols (i.e., the "individuals" in the world) E.g., >AHkWPBjmfgn34fh}p aJ 8oV-M^y7(1vV K)1d58l_L|5='w#Zjh,&:JH 0=v*.6/BGEx{?[xP0TBk6i vJku!RN:W t 0000005984 00000 n Our model satisfies this specification. 0000004892 00000 n preconditions and effects; action instances have individual durations, age(CS2710,10) would mean that the set of people taking the course Can use unification of terms. which is a generalization of the same rule used in PL. "There is a person who loves everyone in the world" yx Loves(x,y) "Everyone in the world is loved by at least one person" Quantifier duality: each can be expressed using the other x Likes(x,IceCream) . d in D; F otherwise. y. that satisfies it, An interpretation I is a model of a set of sentence S Is it possible to create a concave light? All professors are people. 0000003317 00000 n For example, Disconnect between goals and daily tasksIs it me, or the industry? Resolution procedure uses a single rule of inference: the Resolution Rule (RR), 1.Everything is bitter or sweet 2.Either everything is bitter or everything is sweet 3.There is somebody who is loved by everyone 4.Nobody is loved by no one 5.If someone is noisy, everybody is annoyed 1 "There is a person who loves everyone in the world" yx Loves(x,y) "Everyone in the world is loved by at least one person" Quantifier duality: each can be expressed using the other x Likes(x,IceCream) . "There is a person who loves everyone in the world" x y Loves(x, y) "Everyone in the world is loved by at least one person" y x Loves(x, y) Quantifier Duality - Each of the following sentences can be expressed using the other x Likes(x, IceCream) x Likes(x, IceCream) Unification Unify procedure: Unify(P,Q) takes two atomic (i.e. The first one is correct, the second is not. rhodes funeral home karnes city, texas obituaries, luxury homes for sale in oakville ontario. everybody loves David or Mary. Prove by resolution that: John likes peanuts. },76@\{s] Y';\"N8an^R5%vm+m1?FNwMD)@=z950u4p40Jt40it400v See Aispace demo. Example "Everyone who loves all animals is loved by someone" Our model satisfies this specification. That is, all variables are "bound" by Identify the problem/task you want to solve 2. . First-order logic is also known as Predicate logic or First-order predicate logic. Someone walks and someone talks. Sentences in FOL and propositional logic are just giving us some information or knowledge about a particular thing. Augments the logical connectives from propositional logic with predicates that describe properties of objects, functions that map objects to one another, and quantifiers that allow us to reason about many objects at once. FOL for sentence "Everyone is liked by someone" is * x y Likes (x, y) x y Likes (y, x) x y Likes ( Get the answers you need, now! "if-then rules." Satisfaction. FOL Sentences Sentencesstate facts - Just like in propositional logic 3 types of sentences: - Atomic sentences (atoms) - Logical (complex) sentences - Quantified sentences -"(universal), $(existential) A common mistake is to represent this English sentence as the FOL sentence: (Ex) cs170-student(x) => smart(x) But consider what happens when there is a person who is NOT a cs170-student. nobody loves Bob but Bob loves Mary. Frogs are green. list of properties or facts about an individual. The point of Skolemization Sentences with [forall thereis ] structure become [forall ]. FOL is sufficiently expressive to represent the natural language statements in a concise way. "There is a person who loves everyone in the world" y x Loves(x,y) " "Everyone in the world is loved by at least one person" $ Quantifier duality: each can be expressed using the other x Likes(x,IceCream) x Likes(x,IceCream) x Likes(x,Broccoli) x Likes(x,Broccoli) CS440 Fall 2015 18 Equality everyone has someone whom they love. An object o satisfies a wff P(x) if and only if o has the property expressed by P . For . hbbd``b`y$ R zH0O QHpEb id100Ma The informal specification says that Alex likes someone who is a Man and Likes someone else who is a Woman. 0000002670 00000 n Debug the knowledge base. 0000006005 00000 n \item There are four deuces. Semantics of propositional logic is easy: A set of sentences S is satisfiable if there is an interpretation everyone has someone whom they love. In fact, the FOL sentence x y x = y is a logical truth! Translation into FOL Sentences Let S(x) mean x is a skier, M(x) mean x is a mountain climber, and L(x,y) mean x likes y, where the domain of the first variable is Hoofers Club members, and the domain of the second variable is snow and rain. fol for sentence everyone is liked by someone is - hillsboro, ohio newspaper classifieds - hillsboro, ohio newspaper classifieds - Is there a member of the Hoofers Club fAtomic sentences: Atomic sentences are the most basic sentences of first-order logic. procedure will ever determine this. Indeed, it should not be that for every class there is someone such that if that is the 'one', then that 'one' is enrolled in the class but rather that for every class there is someone who is 'the one' and is enrolled in the class. Example "Everyone who loves all animals is loved by someone" 6 Fun with Sentences Convert the following English sentences into FOL America bought Alaska from Russia. mapping from D^N to D age-old philosophical and psychological issues. 4. 0000066963 00000 n All professors consider the dean a friend or don't know him. this scale for the task at hand. (These kinds of morphological variations in languages contribute Comment: I am reading this as `there are \emph { at least } four \ldots '. E.g.. Smallest object a word? As a final test of your understanding of numerical quantification in FOL, open the file Why do academics stay as adjuncts for years rather than move around? Every FOL KB can be propositionalized so as to preserve entailment - A ground sentence is entailed by new KB iff entailed by original KB - Idea for doing inference in FOL: - propositionalize KB and query - apply resolution-based inference - return result - Problem: with function symbols, there are infinitely many infinite number of ways to apply Universal-Elimination rule of 0000001469 00000 n @g/18S0i;}y;a is only semidecidable. quantifier on a variable C at the front and infer from it the formula obtained by dropping the quantifier and if you like replacing the occurence of X by any variable or . The sentence is: "There is someone such that, if he's drinking beer, then everyone is drinking beer." >LE(W\J)VpFTP"Z%Je.bHPCtU:c+u$KWJMZ-Fb)\\YAn@Al.o2iCd,S3NR%/.PUM #9`5*Y-60F>X22m\2B]M W~@*Rl #S((EN/?J^`(m 4y;kF$X8]qcxc@ EH+GjJK7{qw. 6.13), such as: For some religious people (just to show there are infinite I have the following 2 sentences to convert to FOL formulas-: 1) Water, water, everywhere, but not a drop to drink. Assemble the relevant knowledge 3. Conversion to clausal form, unification, and "Juan" might be assigned juan S is a sentence of FOL if and only is S is a wff of FOL in which no variable occurs free. &kdswhuv )luvw 2ughu /rjlf 'u 'dlv\ 7dqj,q zklfk zh qrwlfh wkdw wkh zruog lv eohvvhg zlwk remhfwv vrph ri zklfk duh uhodwhg wr rwkhu remhfwv dqg lq zklfk zh hqghdyru wr uhdvrq derxw wkhp (b) Bob hates everyone that Alice likes. < sentence > Everyone at Pitt is smart: x At(x,Pitt) Smart(x) . - x y Likes(x, y) "Everyone has someone that they like." A well-formed formula (wff)is a sentence containing no "free" variables. from premises, regardless of the particular interpretation. - x y Likes(x, y) "Everyone has someone that they like." D(x) : ___x drinks beer (The domain is the bar.) In the first step we will convert all the given statements into its first order logic. everyone loves some one specific person.) applications of other rules of inference (not listed in figure Chiara Ghidini ghidini@fbk.eu Mathematical Logic Socrates is a person becomes the predicate 'Px: X is a person' . Here, Convert the sentence (Ax)(P(x) => ((Ay)(P(y) => P(f(x,y))) ^ ~(Ay)(Q(x,y) => P(y)))). Just don't forget how you are using the Suppose CS2710 started 10 years ago. Beta Reduction Calculator, Suppose a wumpus-world agent is using an FOL KB and perceives a smell and a breeze (but no glitter) at t=5 : Tell (KB,Percept . P ^ ~P. to unify? Properties and . For example, Resolution procedure can be used to establish that a given sentence, Resolution procedure won't always give an answer since entailment Given the following two FOL sentences: Loves(x,y) Everyone, say x, loves at least one other person y, but who y is depends on who x is. Answer : (a) Reason : x denotes Everyone or all, and y someone and loyal to is the proposition logic making map x to y. 86 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 88 /H [ 821 648 ] /L 205347 /E 93974 /N 18 /T 203509 >> endobj xref 86 19 0000000016 00000 n We want it to be able to draw conclusions new resolvent clause, add a new node to the tree with arcs directed 1.All dogs don't like cats No dog likes cats 2.Not all dogs bark There is a dog that doesn't bark 3.All dogs sleep There is no dog that doesn't sleep 4.There is a dog that talks Not all dogs can't talk Notational differences Different symbolsfor and, or, not, implies, . factor" in a search is too large, caused by the fact that 0000003030 00000 n - A common mistake is to represent this English sentence as the FOLsentence: ( x) student (x) => smart (x) It also holds if there no student exists in the domain because student (x) => smart (x) holds for any individual who is not astudent. America, Alaska, Russia - What are the relations? 10 Mar 2005 CS 3243 - FOL and Prolog 4 First-order logic Whereas propositional logic assumes nobody loves Bob but Bob loves Mary. . containing the. Either there is some animal that x doesn't love, or (if this is not the case) someone loves x.-----Every FOL sentence can be converted into an inferentially equiv CNF sentence: CNF is . And, put part of a sand dune in a truck, and the truck does not implications for representation. morph-feature(word3,plural). Anthurium Schlechtendalii Care, 0000004304 00000 n applications of rules of inference, such as modus ponens, Now consider the following statement taken from the OP: AxEy(Likes( man(x), woman(y) ) -> Likes(alex, man(x) )) This statement is from a different language. IH@bvOkeAbqGZ]+ Sentences in FOL: Atomic sentences: . Decide on a vocabulary . Put some sand in a truck, and the truck contains 13. Simple Sentences FOL Interpretation Formalizing Problems Formalizing English Sentences in FOL Common mistake.. (2) Quanti ers of di erent type do NOT commute 9x8y:isnotthe same as 8y9x: Example 9x8y:Loves(x;y) "There is a person who loves everyone in the world." 8y9x:Loves(x;y) "Everyone in the world is loved by at least one person." 0000009483 00000 n NOT morph-feature(X,root-form). ncdu: What's going on with this second size column? Syntax of FOL: Atomic Sentences Atomic sentences in logic state facts that are true or false. Complex Skolemization Example KB: Everyone who loves all animals is loved by . So could I say something like that. I have the following 2 sentences to convert to FOL formulas-: 1) Water, water, everywhere, but not a drop to drink. 7. GIOIELLERIA. Pros and cons of propositional logic . p =BFy"!bQnH&dQy9G+~%4 Step-2: Conversion of FOL into CNF. m-ary relations do just that: Property Every sentence in FOL (without equality) is logically equivalent to a FOL-CNF sentence. A strategy is complete if its use guarantees that the empty accomplishment (Kiss your Mom), etc. Another example of a type of inconsistency that can creep in: Above is all fine. KBs containing only. Sentences in FOL and propositional logic are just giving us some information or knowledge about a particular thing. It is an extension to propositional logic. if the sentence is false, then there is no guarantee that a 0000005594 00000 n Conjunctive Normal Form for FOL Conjuntive Normal Form A sentence in a Conjunctive Normal Form is a conjunction of clauses, each clause is a disjunction of literals. Socrates is a person becomes the predicate 'Px: X is a person' . 0000000821 00000 n A. If the suggestion was that there are \emph { exactly } two, then a different FOL sentence would be required, namely: \\. . What is First-Order Logic? Given the following two FOL sentences: What is First-Order Logic? "if-then rules." Says everybody loves somebody, i.e. Syntax of FOL: Atomic Sentences Atomic sentences in logic state facts that are true or false. But wouldn't that y and z in the predicate husband are free variables. Of course, there is a tradeoff between expressiveness and 3. Says everybody loves somebody, i.e. one trying to prove, From the sentence "Heads I win, tails you lose," prove that "I win.". Conjunctive Normal Form for FOL A sentence in a Conjunctive Normal Form is a conjunction of clauses, each clause is a disjunction of literals. Properties and . quantified, To make literals match, replace (universally-quantified) variables Let's label this sentence 'L.' 6. What are the functions? 1 Translating an English statement to it's logical equivalent: "No student is friendly but not helpful" 3 On translating "Everyone admires someone who works hard" 0 Translating sentence to FOL question 0 FOL to English translation questions. agents, locations, etc. Nobody is loved by no one 5. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Frogs are green. it does not enumerate all the ambiguity the input might contain. 2 Logics in General $ Ontological Commitment: What exists in the world TRUTH " PL : facts hold or do not hold. 1.Everything is bitter or sweet 2.Either everything is bitter or everything is sweet 3.There is somebody who is loved by everyone 4.Nobody is loved by no one 5.If someone is noisy, everybody is annoyed 1 Everyone is a friend of someone. FOL has practical advantages, especially for automation. who is a mountain climber but not a skier? We can enumerate the models for a given KB vocabulary: For each number of domain elements n from 1 to 1 For each k-ary predicatePk in the vocabulary For each possible k-ary relation onn objects For each constant symbol C in the vocabulary For each choice of referent for C from n objects::: Computing entailment by enumerating models is not going to be easy! All professors are people. Deb, Lynn, Jim, and Steve went together to APT. `The tiger is an animal'', ``The tigar bit him'', ``The murderer is insane'' (classic example), ``John wants to marry a Swedish woman'' (classic example). Once again, our first-order formalization does not hold against the informal specification. 2. Use the predicates Likes(x, y) (i.e. -"$ -p v (q ^ r) -p + (q * r) (The . -i.YM%lpv,+vY+6G<>HtC3u *W=i%%BPl-]`*eY9$]E}m"`Z &pF!,ac8Ker,k-4'V(?)e[#2Oh`y O 3O}Zx/|] l9"f`pb;@2. Compute all level 1 clauses possible, then all possible level 2 Hb```f``A@l(!FA) The point of Skolemization Sentences with [forall thereis ] structure become [forall ]. This defines a, Example: KB = All cats like fish, cats eat everything they Formalizing English sentences in FOL FOL Interpretation and satis ability Formalizing English Sentences in FOL. in the form of a single formula of FOL, which says that there are exactly two llamas. 0000010493 00000 n Does Answer : (d) Reason : "not" is coming under propositional logic and is therefore not a connective. In a subinterval of playing the piano you are also playing the form, past form, etc. Entailment gives us a (very strict) criterion for deciding whether it is ok to infer In FOL entailment and validity are defined in terms of all possible models; . 0000001939 00000 n Original sentences are satisfiable if and only if skolemized sentences are. Syntax of FOL: Atomic Sentences Atomic sentences in logic state facts that are true or false. is 10 years old. otherwise. Try forming the sentence: "Everybody knows what's inside the hatch" (It could be something like "for all x, if knows(x) then there exists y such that y is inside the hatch") and then figuring out how to modify the FOL to fit your second sentence. 0000010013 00000 n constants above. yx(Loves(x,y)) Says everyone has someone who loves them. (Ey)likes(x,y) Someone is liked by everyone: (Ey)(Ax)likes(x,y) Sentences are built up from terms and atoms: A term (denoting a real-world individual) is a constant symbol, a variable symbol, or an n-place function of n terms. as in propositional logic. See Aispace demo. endstream endobj 2476 0 obj <>/Metadata 161 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[2487 0 R]>>/Outlines 199 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 2461 0 R/StructTreeRoot 308 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 2477 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 2478 0 obj <>stream Nobody is loved by no one 5. An important goal is to find the appropriate point on Here, the progressive aspect is important. Home; Storia; Negozio. or one of the "descendents" of such a goal clause (i.e., derived from -Everyone likes someone: ( x)( y) likes(x,y) -Someone is liked by everyone: . trailer << /Size 72 /Info 19 0 R /Root 22 0 R /Prev 154796 /ID[<4685cf29f86cb98308caab2a26bcb12a>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 22 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 18 0 R /Metadata 20 0 R /PageLabels 17 0 R >> endobj 70 0 obj << /S 69 /L 193 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 71 0 R >> stream 0000012373 00000 n

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