virgo etymology latin

Sometimes, though very rarely, it is said of one married, as in Virg. Herman Contractus (1013 - 1054) - an 11th-century Benedictine monk and scholar - has been traditionally credited with the composition of several popular Marian antiphons, including Ave Regina Clorum. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Latin language | Definition, Origin, Examples, Rules, & Facts Symbolized by the Virgin, people under this sign are considered demure, analytical and perfectionists. virgo etymology latin virgo etymology latin. The Almagest of 1515 says VirgoestSpica, The Turcomans knew the constellation as DufhizaPakhiza, the Pure Virgin; and the Chinese, as SheSangNeu, the Frigid Maiden; but before their Jesuit days it was ShunWei, which Miss Clerke translates the Serpent, but Williams, the QuailsTail, a part of the early stellar figure otherwise known as the RedBird, Pheasant, or Phoenix. Don't be surprised if none of them want the spotl One goose, two geese. {Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged, Copyright (c) 1993 Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, first definition of "virago"}, "Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virago&oldid=1115170502, Instances of Lang-el using second unnamed parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. ], Vitulus and Vitula, the calf and the heifer, are named from their greenness (a viriditate) i.e. Are your language skills up to the task of telling the difference? [Pokorny 2. werg 1168.]. Gary Wilsons snooker on Judd Trump was just majestic.The Guardian, 9 May 2019, John Virgo joined Willie Thorne's twin sons Tristan (both pictured) and Kieren and daughter Thali at the Cristo Resucitado Ecumenical Centre in Alicante today.Mail Online, 24 June 2020, Channel your inner Virgo and read em all.Cosmopolitan, 24 July 2020, Michael Virgo said he and his wife had an agreementto die together.BBC News, 16 January 2020, Beyonc's 39th birthday festivities is our mood 4 eva. Taurus repackages an existing creative streak, Gemini gets philosophical, and Virgo thinks positive. [Astronomica, Manilius, 1st century AD, p.237 and 239]. Virgo is considered one of the 12 zodiacal constellationsconstellations that appear within a particular portion of the sky called the zodiac. The American Heritage Science Dictionary Vanderpump Rules star Lala Kent is baring it all for her birthday.E! ( genitive Virgnis) A male given name, character in the play Persa of Plautus. Eel. . but in the Sept. Isai. Indo-European base weis-, gives as derivatives: whisk, from Old English weoxian, to wipe, quick stroke, sweeping movement (with a whisk or brush), implement for beating eggs, etc [], whisker, hair of a mans face, originally a playful formation, from Middle English wisker, anything that whisks or sweeps [], whiskey (an obsolete word meaning a light vehicle. Meaning "person born under the sign of Virgo" is attested from 1917. Virago, then, was a title of respect and admiration. What does hydra mean? Virgo is a sign separate from the constellation of Virgo and most of the stars from this constellation are currently in the sign of Libra. Virgo is the sixth sign of the zodiac, and covers people who were born from August 22 to September 23. What Does The Name "November" Mean? | Dictionary.com Where Virgo falls is at the end of summer, when change is about to happen in nature. Example: Oh, your birthday is in September? An etymological dictionary of the Latin language Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. Ecce Virgo, )4$% " 16(8,2$&. Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning, Richard H. Allen, 1889. According to legend, when the Golden Age comes again, Astraea will return to the Earth. People whose sign is Virgo are those born between August 23 and September 22. From Latin virg (maiden, virgin). Aprelah is Baby Girl Name. British Family Names: Their Origin and Meaning (1903) by Henry Barber Home; New Millennium Magic, A Complete System of Self-Realization by Donald Tyson (KnowledgeBorn Library) advertisement. [Aratus, Phaenomena, 3rd century B.C., p.237-239]. A woman, however, if exceptional enough could earn the title virago. somerset basketball roster; volkswagen do brasil case study It was one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy, who only counted 7 stars, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. The word violin also originates from the Latin vitula, as does viol, and viola. Virgo (constellation) - Wikipedia In meteorology, virga is precipitation that falls from a cloud but evaporates before reaching the ground. Matched Categories Bird Genus Constellation How to pronounce CORVUS? virgaf (genitive virgae); first declension, First-declension noun..mw-parser-output .inflection-table-la .corner-header,.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-la .number-header{background-color:#549EA0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-la .case-header{background-color:#40E0D0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-la .form-cell{background-color:#F8F8FF;text-align:center}, Strong gusts of wind buffeted the train, and ghostly, There Tarquinius is receiving secret mandates of the son, sunt etiam singularia in medio constituta ne in unam partem praeiudicialiter vergentia alteram competenti decore nudarent: nasus, os, guttur, pectus, umbilicus, et genitalium. 2 (1978): 16380. virgo etymology latin virgo etymology latin - typjaipur.org The sun is in this sign between about Aug 23 and Sept 22, a person born when the sun is in this sign. Virgo contains the nearest large cluster of galaxies, the Virgo cluster, in which is located the giant elliptical galaxy Virgo A and PSR 1257+12, the pulsar around which the first extrasolar planets were discovered in 1992. Not yet in that age had men knowledge of hateful strife, or carping contention, or din of battle, but a simple life they lived. but ye will breed a viler progeny! William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 HarperCollins In fact, it is almost granted tangible meaning; something to clutch a hold of, preserve, or sacrifice in the name of love. Aratus says about Virgo: Beneath both feet of Bootes mark the Maiden who in her hands bears the gleaming Ear of Corn (Spica). Her men called Justice (Dike); but she assembling the elders, it might be in the market-place or in the wide-wayed streets, uttered her voice, ever urging on them judgments kinder to the people. Its name is Latin for maiden, and its old astronomical symbol is (). 1 maiden, young woman, girl of marriagable age. go vr- ()g vir- 1 : a zodiacal constellation on the celestial equator that lies due south of the handle of the Big Dipper and is pictured as a woman holding a spike of grain 2 a : the sixth sign of the zodiac in astrology see Signs of the Zodiac Table b : one born under the sign of Virgo Virgoan vr- ()g-n vir- noun Word History Even so long as the earth still nurtured the Golden Race, she had her dwelling on earth. Jupiter then changed her into the constellation Virgo, one of the signs of the zodiac. jessica parker journalist father. The Virgins are methodical and hard-working, and pay attention to every little detail. However, interpretations vary. The word November was first recorded before the year 1000. She was the daughter of Jupiter and Themis. Meaning "young woman in a state of inviolate chastity" is recorded from c. 1300. early 15c., from Old French virginal "virginal, pure, chaste," or directly from Latin virginalis "of a maiden, of a virgin," from virgin (see virgin). In this case, more-mature women can be virgins (the Virgin . It includes only 11 stars visible to the naked eye. Clues to the meaning of this celestial feature2. What Does Virgo Mean? Words To Describe This Earth Sign The need to economise had encouraged the use of a highly abbreviated style of writing in Latin. Libra's origins in the equinox. Virgo etymology in English | Etymologeek.com late 14c., ethimolegia "facts of the origin and development of a word," from Old French etimologie, ethimologie (14c., Modern French tymologie), from Latin etymologia, from Greek etymologia "analysis of a word to find its true origin," properly "study of the true sense (of a word)," with -logia "study of, a speaking of" (see -logy) + etymon "true sense, original meaning . Thirteen years after the Julia, the Virgo aqueduct was built. The fixed stars in this constellation3. to a chaste man. Those born under the Virgo star sign are connected with those who had to work the fields and get the homestead ready for the changing weather. It is situated between Leo and Libra and is considered the sixth sign of the zodiac. [the Iron Age?]. noun. True or false? Virgo Names | Nameberry Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. This one is how Holy Mary resurrected the boy who the Jew had killed because he sang Gaude Virgo Maria. Is it not this ancient story of the MaidenoftheWheat-field that is still seen in the North English and South Scottish custom of the Kern-baby, or Kernababy, the Corn, or Kernel, Baby, thus described by Lang in his CustomandMyth. that anyone who turned to you for help. It stands perhaps for wiz-ga, from Indo-European base *weis-, to turn, twist, whence also Old English weoxian, to wipe'. They extend along the wings through the girdle, and were the KennelCorneroftheBarkingDogs of the Arabs, often considered as the Dogs themselves. Libra Nglish: Translation of Virgo for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of Virgo for Arabic Speakers. This etymology is supported by the rather striking fact that while the originally form parchemin appears for the first time in English about 1300, the form parchment and the verb parch appear for the first time only about a hundred years later (see OED. Retrieved $(datetime), from https://www.etymonline.com/word/Virgo. Laurence Lux-Sterritt. corvus (Latin) Sentences with corvus . Some words can be either masculine or feminine, such as patrinus (godfather) and patrina (godmother). Required fields are marked *. On them she will confer a tongue which charms, the mastery of words, and that mental vision which can discern all things, however concealed they be by the mysterious workings of nature. Caesius had it AristaPuellae, that would seem more correct as AristaePuella, the Maiden of the Harvest. the Virgin trails No more her glittering garments through the blue. Far from them was the cruel sea and not yet from afar did ships bring their livelihood, but the oxen and the plough and Justice herself, queen of the peoples, giver of things just, abundantly supplied their every need. Classical Latin writers occasionally called her Ano, Atargatis, and Derceto, the SyrorumDea transferred here from Pisces; Cybele drawn by lions, for our Leo immediately precedes her; Diana; Minerva; Panda and Pantica; and even Medusa. The famous Virgo celebrated her special day on Sept.E! . The Middle English poem Cursor Mundi retains the Latin name for the woman in its otherwise Middle English account of the creation: Quen sco was broght be-for adam, Virago he gaf her to nam; ar for hight sco virago, ffor maked of the man was sco. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Dictionary.com Unabridged There are no user-contributed notes for this entry. Virgo, the Virgin, is the Anglo-Saxon Maeden, the Anglo-Norman Pulcele, the French Vierge, the Italian Virgine, Bayers Junckfraw, and the present German Jungfrau, in fact a universal title, generally has been figured with the palm branch in her right hand and the spica, or ear of wheat, in her left. This is where the Catholics place the Feast of the Assumption, or the reunion of the Virgin to her Son, formerly called the feast of the Passage of the Virgin. It can also be used as an adjective form of Virgo. ""Divina Virago": Queen Elizabeth as an Amazon." Whence yet at night she shows herself to men. Virgo - Wiktionary Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Derivatives: early, ere, erst (as in erstwhile, from Old English aerest, earliest, from Germanic superlative *airista-). Parthenogenesis means reproduction without fertilization, from Modern Latin, literally birth from a virgin, the word is sometimes also used to describe reproduction modes in hermaphroditic species which can self-fertilize. Aprelah Name Meaning, Origin, Numerology & Popularity - Drlogy a person born under this sign, usually between August 23 and September 22. a large zodiacal constellation on the celestial equator, lying between Leo and Libra. [3], Historically, the concept of a virago reaches back into antiquity where Hellenistic philosophy asserted that elite and exceptionally heroic men had virtus (Greek: , romanized:andreia). The ancient Greeks and Romans fix the assumption of Astraea, who is also this same Virgin, on that day. The Greek word for virgin is parthenos, and Virgo had the title ParthenosDios, the Virgin Goddess; parthenic, of the nature of a virgin, Parthenon, the name of the temple of the virgin goddess Athena on the Acropolis at Athens. [1] From Proto-Indo-European *weys- (to produce, procreate), or alternatively from a stem *weys- (see *wey-). Share to Facebook. Ashgate Pub Co (January 30, 2006). Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. This word might also be in Virgos domain because it is related to the word detail and Virgos are well known for paying extreme attention to detail. . Virgo Name Meaning, Origin, Pronunciation, and Ranking Originally spoken by small groups of people living along the lower Tiber River, Latin spread with the increase of Roman political power, first throughout Italy and then throughout most of western and southern Europe and the central and western Mediterranean coastal . New Millennium Magic, A Complete System of Self-Realization by Donald Modern use of the word virago generally takes the disparaging sense. Also applied since early 14c. A Brief History Of Virgo Zodiac Sign - SunSigns.Org He had become rich and a baronet, and, as the friend of Hannah More, a star in the constellation "Virgo.". Greek eri, early, Old English aerest, Germanic *airista-; bears a resemblance to Greek aristos, best, and Latin arista beard of grain? There are recorded instances of viragos (such as Joan of Arc) fighting battles, wearing men's clothing, or receiving the tonsure. The name Virgo is primarily a gender-neutral name of Latin origin that means The Virgin. Astraea, meaning starry, was a Greek title for Virgo which as Aratus says might derive from Astraeus who was her father. Ampelius assigned to it the charge of the wind Argestes, that blew {Page 465} to the Romans from the west-southwest according to Vitruvius, or from the west-northwest according to Pliny. A Virgo is anybody with a . Kleins Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language explains the Virgo etymology. The adjective is recorded from 1550s in the literal sense; figurative sense of "pure, untainted" is attested from c. 1300. Bayer had it SeclenidosdeDarzama, The early Arabs made from some members of the constellation the {Page 464} enormous Lion of their sky; and of others the KennelCorner, with dogs barking at the Lion. Virtus (once again linked to vir, the brave man abiding by society's highest values and ethics as opposed to homo, human being) defined the traits of excellence for a man in ancient Rome (and Greece), including valor and heroism, but also morality and physical strength. Sagittarius Zodiac Sign - Greek Mythology Online Etymology Dictionary. "deflower, deprive of virginity," late 15c. Virgo Virgo has been associated with the Greek goddess of justice, Dike, the Greek harvest goddess Demeter, and the Syrian fertility goddess Atargatis. Automatically generated practical examples in English: This is the most Virgoiest Virgo season ever.Cosmopolitan, 29 August 2019, Commander Wally Virgo (left) dined with the most powerful man in Soho, gangster Bernie Silver, a shady character making a fortune from prostitution and strip clubs.Mail Online, 24 May 2019, It's Virgo season all right. Sagittarius in Mythology The story of Sagittarius originates from Greek mythology, specifically that of Chiron, an immortal centaur who acted as teacher to many ancient Greek heroes.He was kind and taught medicine, hunting, music and prophecy. November derives from the Latin root novem- meaning "nine," because in the Roman calendar there were only 10 months in the year, and November was indeed the ninth month. Related: Devirginated. From Greek ergomight be erganis (same as ergane), which could produce verginis, virginis. #Help, Jenkins-Smith, Najee (@eejanX) February 26, 2020, Im getting pumped for Virgo season soooo where are my fellow Virgos . So is it read, not only here in S. Matt. Virgo Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com Doublet of virgin . whence she has been considered Dike, the divinity of Justice, the Roman Justa or Jastitia; and Astraea, the starry daughter of Themis, the last of the celestials to leave the earth, with her modest sister Pudicitia, when the Brazen Age began. The Celtic ogham, and Germanic runes were written on vellum and parchment. Klein explains the word virgo; is probably related to virga, a young shoot, twig, virgate, virgate (shaped like a wand or rod, also an early English measure of land area), from Latin virgatus, made of twigs, from virgo, twig, switch, rod, which is of uncertain origin. For many English speakers, November marks the point in the year when the cold begins to set in. Omissions? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 2001, Charles G. D. Roberts, Sen Virgo, Kindred of the Wild, page 130: All around the shores of the narrow bogan crowded, Corvus: noun Corvus (constellation) A constellation of the southern sky south of the constellation Virgo, said to resemble a crow. Virgo sits in the 150-180th degree of celestial longitude, between the constellations Leo and Libra. And when we now ran out at the door, he called aloud to my child in the Latin, from afar off, "Quomodo stat dulcissima virgo? David US English Zira US English ", ALL IN FAVO(U)R OF THIS BRITISH VS. AMERICAN ENGLISH QUIZ. III (of 4). Perhaps Caesius had some of this in view when he associated our sky figure with Ruth, the Moabitess, gleaning in the fields of Boaz. Far meaner than themselves! This is where Mercury comes in, and they share in his tireless efforts to obtain a lot of information and use it to the best of their ability. Latin (genitive Virginis), literally, virgin, before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1. As in Latin, the English word is also often used with wider reference, by relaxing the age, gender or sexual criteria. Etymology. Virgo Etymology [ edit] From Latin virg ("maiden, virgin"). View Origin, Religion, Astrology, Personality, Popularity & Numerology for Baby Name Aitanna. Share to Reddit. This energy is about deeply cleansing ourselves; reforming our space, business, thoughts, and intentions. The Middle-Latin word vitula also referred to a fiddle, as well as a calf or heifer (might be from where they obtained the gut strings); the word vitula became fides (meaning string or lute) and evolved into fidula and fithela (Old English), finally becoming the modern English fiddle.'[]. Derived words & phrases Corvi Translations Corvus, Cite this page: "Virgo" WordSense Online Dictionary (4th March, 2023) URL: https://www.wordsense.eu/Virgo/. ) [Klein, Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary. Accessed 4 Mar. In folk etymology the word virgin comes from vir (Latin for man) and gyne (Greek for woman), a man-woman or androgyne []. But this was a very different divinity, the Babylonian Molatta, the Moon, the Mother, or Queen, of Heaven, against whose worship the Jews were warned in the BookoftheProphetJeremiah, xliv, 17, 19, and should not be confounded with Ashtoreth, the goddess of the Zidonians, that our figure symbolized. Klein says that the Middle-Latin word vitula is possibly a back formation from Latin vitulari, to exult, be joyful, which probably stands for vi-tulari and originally meant to lift up ones voice in joy, from *vi, exclamation of joy (compare Greek euoi) + tulo, a secondary form of tollo, I raise. The word virago has almost always had an association with cultural gender transgression. They located the sign Virgo among the constellations because on the days when the sun runs through it the earth is parched by the heat of the sun and bears nothing, for this is the season of the dog days. [The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville 7th century AD, p.106. The meaning of LIBRA is a southern zodiacal constellation between Virgo and Scorpio represented by a pair of scales. And John Skelton, the royal orator of King Henry VII, wrote: By radiant heat enripened hath our corne. One moose, two moose. Updates? In Assyria Virgo represented Baaltis, Belat, Belit, and Beltis, Bels wife; while some thought her the Mylitta of Herodotus. Doublet of virgin. Corrections? Some people believe that the word for virgin (virgo) is from vira. It is for these four stars in Virgo, forming with epsilon (Vindemiatrix) two sides of a right-angled triangle open towards Denebola, gamma (Porrima) at its vertex, that Professor Young uses his mnemonic word Begde to recall their order. l. 1. A person whose sign is Virgo can be called a Virgoan. Studies in Philology 75, no. The last gleanings of the last field are bound up in a rude imitation of the human shape, and dressed in some rag-tags of finery. 50 Constellation Baby Names: Meanings & Origins - Verywell Family Origin: Latin Meaning: Sun More about the name Aelius 3. Test your knowledge - and maybe learn something along the way. Sir William Herschel found here no less than 323, which later search has increased to over 500, very many more nebulae than naked-eye stars in the constellation. What does virgo mean in Latin? - WordHippo Or Greek ergon, might be used as both masculine and feminine, and from Greek ergon could be vergo, virgo. Here it was known as The Furrow, referring to the goddess Shalas ear of corn. Latin language, Latin lingua Latina, Indo-European language in the Italic group and ancestral to the modern Romance languages. When our ancestors looked to the skies, they thought they saw a winged maiden in the constellation. Astarte, too, was identified by the Venerable Bede with the Saxon goddess of spring, Eostre, at whose festival, our Easter, the stars of Virgo shine so brightly in the eastern evening sky; and the Sumerians of southern Babylonia assigned this constellation to their sixth month as the Errand, or Message, of Istar. Some Egyptologists, however, would upset this astronomical connection of the Virgin, Lion, and Sphinx, Mariette claiming the head to be that of the early god Harmachis, and others as of an early king. Theres no room for hesitation or laziness, and those born under this sign know when its time to get things done. Etymology of Virgo by etymonline, Harper, D. (n.d.). Sagittarius Thus she is the oldest purely allegorical representation of innocence and virtue. But with the good there comes a flaw: bashfulness handicaps the early years of such persons, for the Maid, by holding back their great natural gifts, puts a bridle on their lips and restrains them by the curb of authority. ( zodiac constellations) Virgo (constellation) Virgo ( Spanish) Proper noun Virgo (masc.) The other aspects of this sign, the earth element and the mutable modality, have to do with how nature has been broken down. etymology | Etymology, origin and meaning of etymology by etymonline Julius Schiller used her stars to represent SaintJamestheLess, and Weigel, as the SevenPortugueseTowers. [Astronomica, Manilius, 1st century AD, p.265], The temperaments of those whose span of life she pronounces at their birth Erigone will direct to study, and she will train their minds in the learned arts. One of the stars in the constellation, Spica, means ear of grain in Latin. Those who claim very high antiquity for the zodiacal signs assert that the idea of these titles originated when the sun was in Virgo at the spring equinox, the time of the Egyptian harvest. Symbolized by the Virgin, people under this sign are considered demure, analytical and perfectionists. Behold what manner of race the fathers of the Golden Age left behind them! [Pokorny aier 12. To save this word, you'll need to log in. If you use your imagination, you can see a woman holding a sheaf of wheat in one hand and a broom in the other. The constellation's brightest star, Spica (Latin for "head of grain," also called Alpha Virginis), is the 15th brightest star in the sky, with a magnitude of 1.04. This kind of association may be why the Virgin Mary was connected to the zodiac sign in the Middle Ages. Etymology. Ptolemy extended the constellation somewhat farther to the east than we have it, the feet being carried into the modern Libra, and the stars that Hipparchos placed in the shoulder shifted to the side, to correct, as he said, the comparative distances of the stars and members of the body. Virgo translates to "virgin" in Latin and the maiden is symbolic of this translation but not in a literal sense. Derivatives of Latin talea are: tally, detail, entail, retail, tailor, curtail. ' http://www.lf8.org/taboo/TheSecretTeachingsofAllAges.pdf, In Egypt Virgo was drawn on the zodiacs of Denderah and Thebes which Eratosthenes and Avienus identified with Isis, the thousand-named goddess, with the wheat ears in her hand that she afterwards dropped to form the Milky Way [Allen, Star Names]. The word verge, a rod, wand, or staff carried as an emblem of authority or office, Klein explains; the sense limit, margin, edge, developed from the meaning staff of office, through the medium of the term within the verge used in the sense within the sphere of authority of the Royal Steward'. Greek eri is cognate with our word early from the Indo-European root *ayer Day, morning. Cancer Definition of hydra in the Definitions.net dictionary. O, well said, Lucius! Virgo | Kidadl Virgo is the sign of work and service. virgo | Etymology, origin and meaning of the name virgo by etymonline etymology. The first records of the word Virgo come from before the year 1000. Used for children born under this astrological sign. Virgo ( Latin) Proper noun Virg (masc.) The word "virgo" is Latin, means "self-contained" which is for us is better interpreted as "self-sufficient". What are some words that often get used in discussing Virgo? Virgo - Constellations of Words Virgo is also portrayed as Justice (Justitia) or Dike holding the scales of Libra. Pisces, Your email address will not be published. Copyright 2011. Verily wars and cruel bloodshed shall be unto men and grievous woe shall be laid upon them. Even so she spake and sought the hills and left the people all gazing towards her still. I know my sign is Virgo. The references include Wikipedia, Cambridge Dictionary Online, Oxford English Dictionary, Webster's Dictionary 1913 and others. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Lying between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. VIRGO The Full Pisces Moon, Monday, requires tapping into Virgo humility to override excess pride. In astrology, Virgo is the sixth sign of the zodiac, considered as governing the period from about August 23 to about September 22.

Houses For Rent By Owner In Bethel, Ct, Aau Basketball Tournament Rock Hill, Sc, Articles V