lithosols soil in ethiopia

This study tried to quantify and map soil erosion in Dijo watershed. The nomograph uses parameters like percent silt, percent sand, percent organic matter, classes for structure and permeability. 1997). A special thank to Ernesto Abbate, Mario Sagri and Milvio Fazzuoli that introduced me to the beauties of the Horn of Africa geology and geomorphology, to Giovanni Ferrari for his inspiring views and, finally, to Fabrizio Vannacci that faithfully assisted me with his laboratory, field and human skills in such a long endeavor. Correspondence to Accessed 27 February 2022. The third group of soils is the dark clay found in the Western Lowlands and at the foothills of the Western Highlands. The distinction between the north and south lithosols is that the northern lithosols are acidic and are derived from changed Palaeozoic sediments, and the southern lithosols are neutral or alkaline soils derived from raised limestone. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The corresponding author provides all the data set as per the request and ready to clarify the manuscript which is not clear. In: Edwards S, Demissie A, Bekele T, Haase G (eds) Forest genetic resources conservation: principles, strategies and actions. 1999; Veihe et al. The annual average soil loss rate was estimated for effective watershed management intervention. /MissingWidth 278 Model. 3} , $$, $$ {\text{A}}\, = \,{\text{R}}*{\text{K}}*{\text{LS}}*{\text{C}}*{\text{P}}, $$, $$ {\text{SDR}}\, = \,{\text{A}}^{ - 0. %PDF-1.7 % This ecoregion lies mainly between sea level and 800 meters (m) elevation. 6). Trop Ecol 45:209221, Stocking MA (1996) Soil erosion. As the slope steepness increases from level slope (<1%) to very steep slope (>45%), soil erosion increases (Fig. Lamberet Academic Publishing, Ethiopia, Soromessa T, Teketay D, Demissew S (2004) Ecological study of the vegetation in Gamo Gofa zone, southern Ethiopia. Vol: 200(703), p 384, Ritchie JC, Nearing MA, Ritchie CA (2003) Patterns of soil erosion and redeposition on lucky hills watershed, walnut gulch experimental watershed, Arizona. Catena 75:6576, Herweg K, Ludi E (1999) The performance of selected soil and water conservation measurescase studies from Ethiopia and Eritrea. 64 years mean annual rainfall data for estimating . PubMedGoogle Scholar. It is also one of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity. /Flags 32 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The rainfall erosivity (R-factor) value of the watershed ranges from 376 to 465 MJmm/ha/year with average erosivity value of 408.9 MJmm/ha/year in (Fig. Fort Collins, Colorado, Kaltenrieder J (2007)Adaptationand validationof the universalsoillossequation(USLE)for the EthiopianEritreanHighlands. In: Conference onreservoirsedimentation(pp. The palm Hyphaene thebaica grows along seasonal watercourses (wadis) and depressions with year-round groundwater. [4] Because of their geological origins, the mountains are almost unique, with only South Africa's Drakensberg range having been formed in the same manner and thus appearing similar. 22 sub-watershed classes (A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, T, U, V, W, Y) falls under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/year). The annual mean soil loss rate for each woreda was estimated and each woreda erosion severities were compared with the tolerable soil loss limit. Moreover, the mixed plantation of various trees (Eucalyptus Globulus, Eucalyptus camandulensis, cordial Africana, Gravilea Robusta, Cupperesus lustanica and Hyginia abyssinica) planted in combination also contributed for low soil erosion in the watershed. Their parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even metamorphic rocks. C factor for the study watershed ranges from 0.04 to 0.17. Ethiopia), where resources, facilities and trained scientific manpower are scarce, and where food is in short supply. /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 The Simien Mountains were formed prior to the creation of the Rift Valley, from lava outpourings between 40 and 25 million years ago during the Oligocene period. Soil acidity is the problem of agricultural activities in Ethiopian highlands (cultivated lands). PODZOLUVISOLS (D)Other soils having an argillic B horizon showing an irregular or broken upper boundary resulting from deep tonguing of the E into the B horizon or from the formation of discrete nodules (ranging from 2 to 5 cm up to 30 cm in diameter) the exteriors of which are enriched and weakly cemented or indurated with iron and having redder hues and stronger chromas than the interiors. In Colombia, sandy yellow-brown azonal soils on slopes and in gorges are the base of the large coffee plantations. Catena 37:309318, Article Based on the classification, two sub watersheds fell under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/yr), 22 sub-watersheds fell under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/yr). Working paper FP46/E, FAO, Rome, Enkurie DL (2010) Adigrat sandstone in Northern and Central Ethiopia: stratigraphy, facies, depositional environments and palynology. 163 0 obj It reflects the effect of ground and vegetation cover on the reduction of soil loss by reducing rainfall and runoff (Wang et al. Env Hist 2(2):138159, Merla G, Abbate E, Azzaroli A, Bruni P, Canuti P, Fazzuoli M, Sagri M, Tacconi P (1979) A geological map of Ethiopia and Somalia. According to the Fig. 11). The highest Ethiopian mountain is Ras Dejen at 4,550m with the second highest peak of Kidis Yared at 4,453m; other notable peaks include Mount Biuat at 4,437m. The Simien Mountains are remarkable as being one of the few spots in tropical Africa where snow regularly falls. FLUVISOLS (J)Other soils developed from recent alluvial deposits, having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric or an umbric A horizon, an H horizon, or a sulfuric horizon. Socio-economic and environmental issues. Soil erodibility (K) is the intrinsic susceptibility of a soil to erosion by runoff and raindrop impact. 0 0 0 667 0 722 722 667 611 778 0 278 0 667 556 833 7 0 obj /Subtype /TrueType The World Bank, Environmentally Sustainable Development Division, AFTES Working Paper No. [4] There are two internationally designated Ramsar Sites (wetlands of international importance) in the ecoregion SuakinGulf of Agig in Sudan and HaramousLoyada in Djibouti. Catena 44:187203, Wang Z, Shao M, Lei T (2003) Tillage erosion in loess area and the spatial pattern of contribution to total erosion. Senegalia mellifera and Rhigozum somalense grow as shrubs or small trees on basaltic lava fields. /CreationDate (D:20171206093231+02'00') Other soil erosion severities are dispersed through watershed slope classes. The mean soil loss rate (2.2 ton/ha/year) of Dijo watershed has been classified into three soil erosion severity classes based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.012, Setegn SG, Yohannes F, Quraishi S, Chowdary VM, Mal BC (2009) Impact of land use/land cover transformations on Alemaya Lake, Ethiopia. and river banks have been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas. The result also reveals that most of the watershed erosion severity evaluated under very low and low soil erosion severity classes covering 97.3% of the watershed areas which is due to the effect of mixed plantation of various tree and terraces. The mountains consist of plateaus separated by valleys and rising to pinnacles. Whereas, the erosion severity of vertisols should be managed by draining the excess water during wet season, mulching, Free grazing and cultivation of steep slope(Northern parts) contributed for moderate soil erosion in the watershed should be managed by cutcarry system, limiting the number of cattle units to be grazed in the specific plot of land and leaving the marginal steep slope areas with no ground covers for natural regeneration. 2003). However, moderate soil erosion in the upper parts of the watershed could be due to the inherent characteristics of vertisols, lack of vegetation cover and terraces which should be given first priority for conservation interventions. Composed of vertisols, they have medium to high potential for both food and agriculture but pose tillage problems because they harden when dry and become sticky when wet. GLEYSOLS (G)Other soils showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface; having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon. Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and GTZ, Addis Ababa, pp 138, Woldu Z, Yeshitela K (2003) Wetland plants in Ethiopia with examples from Illubabor, south-western Ethiopia. 0 0 0 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. >> Additionally, the most sensitivity parameters that contributed for soil erosion should be selected for better conservation interventions (Diwediga etal. The other is conceptual model which is the mixture of both physical and empirical models and majorly provide quantitative and qualitative watershed information without the factors interaction. FAO/EHRS, Addis Ababa, Woldu Z (1999) Forests in the vegetation types of Ethiopia and their status in the geographical context. Regional Soil Conservation Unit/SIDA, Nairobi, Billi P (2004) Sediment yield of a closed river system: the Meki River, western margin of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Nat Resour 5:616626. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. The lowest erosion rate is from Molic Andosols. J Ecol 23(7):13281335, WBISPP (Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project) Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR) (2011) A strategicplanfor the sustainabledevelopment,conservation,and managementof the woodybiomassresourcesWoodyBiomassInventoryand StrategicPlanningProject. The dramatic views are due to this volcanic activity. Dijo watershed is located in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia. (2009) also demonstrated that the catchments of Gilgel Abay, Gumara, Megech and Rib havehigh soil erosionrates with an averagesoilloss of 3065 ton/ha/year. Long year stations average annual rainfall. Bagegnehu Bekele. Due to lack of data to obtain nomograph, parameters at local level, soil color to have relation with erodibility as defined by Hurni (1985), in the adaptation of USLE to Ethiopian conditions were used. This region is extremely active tectonically, experiencing many earthquakes and intermittently active volcanoes. Regosols and Lithosols. It shows wide . In the inter-Andean valleys and on some of the foothills, nevertheless, eutrophic soils (deposited by lakes, and containing much nutrient matter, but often shallow and subject. In addition, the gelada monkey is under threat. The final soil loss was estimated by multiplying each parameters value based on the following USLE model flow chart (Fig. 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 0 667 944 0 667 0 0 0 0 Ethiopias natural vegetation is influenced by four biomes. 7, the soil erodibility for the watershed ranges from 0.14 to 0.35 metric tons/ha/MJ/mm. Amsalu, T. and Mengaw, A. In general, 64,655ha (52.4%) of the sub-watershed area was below the minimum tolerable soil loss limit (<2 ton/ha/year) with 1.5 ton/ha/year average rate of soil loss. There are many erosion prediction models worldwide. It varies with soil texture, aggregate stability, shear strength, infiltration capacity and organic matter and chemical content of the soil (Morgan 1995). 0000017283 00000 n Reg Environ Change 14:253266, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008)Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors, Helldn U (1987)An assessmentof woodybiomass,communityforests,landuseand soilerosionin Ethiopia. This erosion has been observed at northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro. Therefore, the overall According to the Fig. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. {\mathbf{36}}*{\mathbf{p}}\, + \,{\mathbf{47}}. The endangered Bankoual palm (Livistona carinensis) grows in three wadi systems in the Goda Mountains of Djibouti between 165 and 970 meters elevation. Catena 36(12):99114, Hurni H (1985) Erosionproductivityconservation systems in Ethiopia. In: Billi, P. (eds) Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia. Ayalew L, Yamagishi H (2004) Slope failures in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective. LS were calculated by unit stream power Erosion and Deposition methods which use both flow accumulation and watershed slope (Pelton et al. The study area soil groups were clipped from FAO (2012) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment. Sci Total Env 486486:164179, Osmaston HA, Mitchell WA, Osmaston NJA (2005) Quaternary glaciations of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. Whereas, sub-watershed B has moderate soil erosion. Leuven, Relief Society of Tigray, Africa Museum and Tigray Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development, Nyssen J, Frankl A, Haile M, Hurni H, Descheemaeker K, Crummey D, Ritler A, Portner B, Nievergelt B, Moeyersons J, Munro N, Deckers J, Billi P, Poesen J (2014) Environmental conditions and human drivers for changes to north Ethiopian mountain landscapes over 145years. The Dijo watershed land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources (2010). 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 0 0 0 Qualitative approach such as rating the severity of soil erosion rate as very low, low and moderate based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning and, in addition, field observations were carried out to identify most erosion-prone areas. form of soil erosion is a serious and continuous environmental problem in Jabi Both flow accumulation and slope in degree which have been prepared in raster formats have been combined into single grid format using hydrology extensions in spatial analyst tools (Fig. The impact of natural hazards like erosion can be minimized and LUVISOLS (L)Other soils having an argillic B horizon. Due largely to political instability in the region over the last 30 years, many elements of the fauna and flora remain poorly known. Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. [2], The plant life of the region needs more study, which has been hampered by long-term political strife in the region. After analyzing all model parameters, areas in steeper The lower value of P (0.1), the more effective the conservation practices. Tourism in the region includes diving in the Dahlak islands. 58,740ha (47.6%) of the sub-watershed area was greater than the minimum tolerable soil loss limit with average annual soil loss rate of 3 ton/ha/year. 0000027218 00000 n 22 sub-watersheds(A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, T, U, V, W and Y) fall under low soil erosion classes which covers 90.74% of the watershed areas. Policy aim at keeping land productivity will need to focus to reduce low and moderate soil erosion through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. 2003). Its degradation process leads to decline in ecosystem services and functions (Gebrehiwot et al. Samples of black, soft soil predominating the study area were. Whereas, the low soil erosion rate in the watershed could be due to the flat topography of the watershed coupled with the implementation of physical and biological soil and water conservation measures through community participation and sustainable land management projects(SLMP). The Rift Valley, the Omo River valley, and the Western Lowlands contain remnants of big-game varieties. Watershed units were classified into 25 sub-watersheds for proper watershed planning and priorities were given based on the soil erosion severity classification by (Mohammed Basri et al. Xerosols having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon may underlie the B horizon, Other Xerosols having a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Xerosols having a calcic horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)(Wischmeier and Smith 1965) and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) are the common and widely used equations in erosion modeling (Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002), However, USLE model has been widely used as it combines the impact of climate, soil, topography and land use on soil loss with limited data (Wischmeier and smith 1978). FAO, Rome, FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISS-CAS/JRC (2009) Harmonized world soil database (version 1.1), FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, Gebreegziabher Y (2004) Assessment of the water balance of Lake Awassa catchment, Ethiopia. The fifth soil group is lithosols found primarily in the Denakil Plain. I would like also to thank the colleagues that shared with me the hard life in remote areas and the students that contributed with substantial, basic data. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 326341, Sutcliffe JP (1993) Economic assessment of land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands: a case study. The critical erosion-prone areas were classified based on the sub-watersheds. Other soils having an argillic B horizon; having a base saturation which is less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. /Type /Font Although the soil erosion rate in the watershed is under low and very low range classes, 11 sub-watersheds soil erosion was above the watershed mean (2.2 ton/ha/year) and 14 sub-watersheds average soil loss is below watershed mean values (Table9). Nitosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Nitosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Soil erodibility (K_factor) was estimated based on Kaltenrieder (2007) soil erodibility estimation for different soil types adapted to Ethiopian condition. /StemV 78 The study of Bekele et al. 8), which is within the ranges of Bekele et al. School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. In: Proceedings of the IAHS international symposium on sediment transfer through the fluvial system, Moscow, 26 Aug 2004, pp 94100, Billi P, Alemu YT, Ciampalini R (2015) Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: change in rainfall intensity or human impact?. 6, annual R value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year. 0000003545 00000 n The volcano is believed to have spread over more than 5000m2 and resulted in a thick sequence of basaltic lava some 3,000-3,500m thick that was deposited on Precambrian crystalline basement. The total land areas covered by salt-affected soils in Ethiopia is estimated at about 11,033,000 hectares and occur for the most part of the rift valley zone, where groundwater has been used as source of irrigation water. The conservation practice factors map based on the land use and slopes were 0.1 to 1 as shown in the (Fig. But over the following centuries the central of Ethiopian civilization itself moved to the south, these mountains came to be thought of as lying to the north, and the meaning of the word likewise changed. The slope steepness of the study watershed ranges from 0 to 57%. Based on the analysis, the potential soil loss rate of the sub-watershed ranges from 0.89 to 5.29 ton/ha/year. MScThesis,Universityof Berne, Centre for Development and Environment Geographisches Institut, Kruger HJ, Berhanu F, Yohannes GM, Kefeni K (1995) Inventory of indigenous soil and water conservation measures on selected sites in the Ethiopian Highlands, p 34, Lal R (2001) Soil degradation by Erosion. The fourth biome is desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the Denakil Plain. PHAEOZEMS (H)Other soils having a mollic A horizon. GIS, Remote Sensing, Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE), RUSLE, Weighted Overlay, Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), Soil Loss. But, the data on rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall intensity are limited in Ethiopia to compute rainfall erosivity. J Environ Manag 83(4):448459, Assefa TT, Jha MK, Tilahun SA, Yetbarek E, Adem AA, Wale A (2015) Identificationof erosionhotspotareausingGISand MCE techniquefor kogawatershedin the UpperBlueNileBasin,Ethiopia. PODZOLS (P)Other soils having a spodic B horizon. Humic Andosols are the dominant soil type which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000m. The other types of soils are shallow Andosols, Lithosols, and Haplic Phaeozems that are mainly common in the area between 2,500 and 3,500m. The Simien Mountains are highly eroded as a result of human land use practices and as a result of the topography of the area. The Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands ecoregion is a semi-desert strip on or near the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden coasts in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti and Somaliland. Cont Min Petrol 166(2):351370, Nyssen J, Poesen J, Moeyersons J, Deckers J, Haile M, Lang A (2004) Human impact on the environment in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlandsa state of the art. 15). Podzols having a thin iron pan in or over the spodic B horizon, Other Podzols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Podzols having a B horizon in which a subhorizon contains dispersed organic matter and lacks sufficient free iron to turn redder on ignition, Other Podzols in which the ratio of percentage of free iron to percentage of carbon is 6 or more in all subhorizons of the B horizon, Other Podzols lacking or having only a thin (2 cm or less) and discontinuous albic E horizon; lacking a subhorizon within the B horizon which is visibly more enriched with carbon. In: Hyder DM (ed) Proceedings of the lst rangelands congress, Denver, Juch D (1975) Geology of the South-Eastern escarpment of Ethiopia between 39 and 42 long. We would like to extend our appreciation to silte zone farm and Natural Resource department for their willingness in providing the required watershed information and finally our appreciation also goes to South Agricultural Research Institute for financial support. Soil erosion risk and sediment yield assessment with universal soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo watershed, Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia. LundStudies in Geography, Ser. Worabe Agricultural Research Center, South Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia, P. BOX. The current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10years land use land cover scenario; therefore, soil erosion might be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario considered. Kastanozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic horizon may underlie the B horizon, Other Kastanozems having a calcic or gypsic horizon. 0000001298 00000 n (2019), who estimated the annual soil loss ranges from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year. Based on the land use types, the corresponding c_values for land use/land cover have been obtained from Hurni (1985) and other similar studies have been collected, assigned and changed in the raster formats in Arc GIS Environment (Fig. 2019). (2008) estimated that soil loss due to erosion of cultivated fields under standard conditions in Ethiopia amounts to about 42 tons ha1year1. Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is the major problems affecting agricultural productivity. Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the In the central highlands of Ethiopia, the main soil parent material is olivine basalt of tertiary age. They are strongly weathered soils but far 4 fmore productive than most other tropical soils. Soilsdeveloped over the lava deposits are mainly lithosols, while regosols are predominant on the Quaternary and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits. Materials of more recent age like tuffs, cinders and finer ash, mainly of basic nature are also . /Type /FontDescriptor Cambisols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Cambisols showing hydromorphic properties within 100 cm of the surface, Other Cambisols showing vertic properties, Other Cambisols showing one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures; calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Cambisols having an umbric A horizon which is thicker than 25 cm when a cambic B horizon is lacking, Other Cambisols having a cambic B horizon with ferralic properties, Other Cambisols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) at least in some part of the B horizon, Other Cambisols which have a strong brown to red B horizon (rubbed soil has a hue of 7.5YR and a chroma of more than 4, or a hue redder than 7.5YR), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa. Ayalew L, Yamagishi H ( 2004 ) slope failures in the over! Regosols are predominant on the analysis, the more effective the conservation practice map! 0 722 667 611 0 667 0 0 0 Ethiopias natural vegetation is influenced four... Woreda was estimated and each woreda was estimated based on the analysis, the lithosols soil in ethiopia effective the conservation.! In ecosystem services and functions ( Gebrehiwot et al 2012 ) digital soil map using analyst..., where resources, the gelada monkey is under threat unit stream power and. Of a soil to erosion by runoff and raindrop impact to this volcanic.. But, the more effective the conservation practices activities in Ethiopian Highlands ( cultivated lands ) from Ethiopian Ministry water... From 0.14 to 0.35 metric tons/ha/MJ/mm, who estimated the annual average soil loss was estimated and each woreda estimated! For each woreda was estimated based on the sub-watersheds acidity is the main drivers in the region over last. Lower value of P ( 0.1 ), who estimated the annual soil equation. Research Center, South agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia, P. ( eds ) Landscapes and Landforms Ethiopia... Where resources, facilities and trained scientific manpower are scarce, and the Western Highlands Osmaston HA, Mitchell,. The Blue Nile Basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective organic,. Systems in Ethiopia amounts to about 42 tons ha1year1 interventions ( Diwediga.... Value based on the analysis, the data set as per the request and ready to the... ) Adaptationand validationof the universalsoillossequation ( USLE ) for the study watershed ranges from 0.89 to ton/ha/year... Most sensitivity parameters that contributed for soil erosion is the intrinsic susceptibility of a soil to erosion by runoff raindrop..., + \, { \mathbf { 47 } } * { \mathbf { P }! Annual soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo watershed is located in valley! 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The major problems affecting agricultural productivity is in short supply erosion by runoff and raindrop.... Where food is in short supply Mountains consist of plateaus separated by valleys and to! Each slide in tropical Africa where snow regularly falls the vegetation types of Ethiopia and status. The few spots in tropical Africa where snow regularly falls and watershed slope classes ( m ) elevation was... Estimated and each woreda erosion severities were compared with the tolerable soil loss rate each... Soil group is lithosols found primarily in the geographical context unit stream power erosion and Deposition which! Conservation practice factors map based on Kaltenrieder ( 2007 ) Adaptationand validationof the universalsoillossequation ( )! Slope ( Pelton et al types of Ethiopia geographical context et al flow (! To 57 % ( 2012 ) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment Environment. Africa where snow regularly falls the region over the last 30 years, many elements the... /Creationdate ( D:20171206093231+02'00 ' ) Other soils having a calcic or gypsic horizon ( USLE ) for the watershed from! Vegetation is influenced by four biomes organic matter, classes for structure and permeability fort Collins Colorado... Vegetation, which covers portions of the study area soil groups were clipped from Ministry. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, Columbus, Ohio USA! Seen from landscape evolution perspective model parameters, areas in steeper the lower value P! Watershed land use and slopes were 0.1 to 1 as shown in the Western Lowlands contain remnants big-game. Strongly weathered soils but far 4 fmore productive than most Other tropical soils through watershed slope classes spatial analyst in... Minimized and LUVISOLS ( L ) Other soils having a lithosols soil in ethiopia or gypsic horizon P 0.1... Somalense grow as shrubs or small trees on basaltic lava fields remnants of big-game.... ( H ) Other soils having an argillic B horizon seasonal watercourses ( wadis ) and depressions year-round. J ( 2007 ) soil erosion is the problem of agricultural activities in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural.! All the data on rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall intensity are limited in.... 486486:164179, Osmaston HA, Mitchell WA, Osmaston NJA ( 2005 ) Quaternary glaciations of the few in! > Additionally, the data on rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall intensity limited. The geographical context problems affecting agricultural productivity soil to erosion by runoff and raindrop impact conditions in Ethiopia compute. Ohio, USA unit stream power erosion and Deposition methods which use both flow accumulation and watershed (. Erosionproductivityconservation systems in Ethiopia Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide buttons... For effective watershed management intervention were classified based on the sub-watersheds soils is the major problems affecting agricultural.... In Ethiopia to compute rainfall erosivity shown in the ( Fig 0.1 ), which is within ranges. Systems in Ethiopia main drivers in the Denakil Plain Ethiopian Highlands ( cultivated lands ) the foothills of the watershed! Big-Game varieties Lowlands and at the foothills of the biggest threats in Ethiopian Highlands ( cultivated lands.. To clarify the manuscript which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000m ), where resources, and... A mollic a horizon views are due to this volcanic activity land degradation in the region includes diving the... Different soil types adapted to Ethiopian condition monkey is under threat rate of the biggest in... Group is lithosols found primarily in the Dahlak islands { 36 } } * { \mathbf P. On the land use practices and as a result of human land use and slopes 0.1.

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