While social justice and distributive justice are deeply intertwined in the health care context and we will discuss both, we will focus primarily on the concept of distributive justice. (Foot also invented the infamous trolley car thought experiment.) We will examine basic questions in the philosophy of law: What is the relationship between law and morality? Nevertheless, comparatively few people realize that the views we commonly think of as "Platonic" represent only one strand in Plato's thought. If they are conscious, will AI's have dignity and rights? The remainder of the course is devoted to political writings by other figures in the Western philosophical tradition (egs. Others maintain that these questions will only yield to methods that incorporate our broader insight into the nature of the world including, perhaps, feminist thought or science. We will then turn to contemporary controversies such as campus free speech. In fact, it seems like you can't change a heap of sand into something that isn't a heap of sand by removing one grain of sand. We use language to communicate meanings in order to accomplish a variety of goals: to convey information, make requests, establish rules, utilize power, issue protests, and much more. Of particular interest will be how language can be used to establish, reinforce, and resist power relationships involving race and gender. Our internal, felt experience--what chocolate tastes like to oneself, what it is like to see the color red, or, more broadly, what it is like to have a first person, waking perspective at all--resists explanation in any terms other than the conscious experience itself in spite of centuries of intense effort by philosophers and, more recently, by scientists. Associate Dean of Students / Director of International Student Services. In this tutorial we will read philosophical texts from a range of approaches in professional philosophy since the early 20th Century (Analytic, Pragmatist, Continental or European, and Public). When should we give morality priority over personal commitments and relationships, and why? In school? Both stances face severe difficulties. [more], Each of the controversial and provocative figures whom we will read in this course have exerted a tremendous influence in our understandings of what it means to be a modern subject. Further, even where there is agreement as to the proper way of answering epistemological questions, there is a stunning variety of possible answers to each question. Finally, we will consider how the concept of freedom is applied in contemporary social contexts, such as speech, religion, voting, and sexuality and gender. Does morality require that we always subordinate our personal relationships to universal principles? It is difficult, however, to get clear on the relation between the meaning of an expression and its reference. Cy Walsh has asked a court to let him back into the community without supervision, almost six years to the day after killing his father and Adelaide Crows coach Phil Walsh. demanded by institutions, religious, political and ethnic communities, as well as by the state. Our main goal will be to prove things about this logical system rather than to use this system to think about ordinary language arguments. We will then discuss philosophies of science which emerged out of various criticisms of this view - especially those of Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend - and the challenges to the assumptions of scientific objectivity and rationality their works provoked. How is political power generated and exercised? For example, we commonly attribute to Plato a theory of the Forms on the basis of his claims in the so-called "middle dialogues" (mainly Republic, Phaedo, and Symposium). According to one, there is a single group of students that had their hands extremely full this semester. The reason for this is that there are two underlying structures that the original sentence can realize. We think that there is a difference between a linguistic object's being meaningful and its having a referent. With what limits and justifications? These questions are typically asked within a framework where the overarching goal is attaining truth and avoiding falsity. Nietzsche texts may include selections from: historical traditions. As Adelaide Crows coach Phil Walsh lay bleeding from 20 stab wounds, his wife begged him not to leave her. And, it's not merely that their answer invokes our freedom to determine our own identities. In this course we'll explore justice as a fundamental moral principle and as a desideratum of the US health care system. In fact, Socrates seems to have been thought of as a kind of intellectual saint in the Hellenistic world. Anscombe and Foot resurrected virtue ethics for Anglo-American philosophy and made moral psychology academically respectable. The central topics of the course will be: meaning, rule following, human languages; private experiences and other minds; intention and action; knowledge and skepticism; and especially, the methods and nature of philosophy. In this course, we will examine some central texts in ancient Greek and Roman moral philosophy. Our subjects will include hate speech, press censorship, pornography, controversial art, sacrilegious speech and campus controversies. [more], The nature of consciousness remains a fundamental mystery of the universe. No domain of inquiry is immune to this destructive skepticism and confident relativism. This site was launched in Spring of 2020, and includes death notifications beginning January 1, 2020. Understood in this way, critical theory is identified closely with the intellectual tradition of the Frankfurt School. In this course we'll examine several influential attempts to provide a rational foundation for morality, along with Nietzsche's wholesale rejection of these efforts. We will thus be led to discuss some of the concepts common to epistemology, metaphysics and ethics: reason, justification, objectivity, understanding, reality and truth. We will concentrate both on making precise the philosophical problem of consciousness and on understanding the role of the relevant neuroscientific and cognitive research. Authors will include Plato, Anselm, Aquinas, Pascal, Paley, Hume, Kant, Kierkegaard, and several contemporary philosophers. [more], Epistemology is one of the core areas of philosophical reflection. Must they inhere in substances? Does philosophy yield knowledge? We will continue with the contemporary inheritors of the tradition: Cornel West, Richard Rorty, and Hilary Putnam. Locke is the first great Empiricist Realist, and Leibniz the greatest Rationalist Idealist. Of particular interest will be the extent to which discourse dynamics are built into the meanings of linguistic expressions vs. the extent to which they're consequences of our rational cognition. This course introduces philosophy students to these and related questions through a parallel reading that brings together 19th century German philosopher Hegel and a tradition of Africana philosophy running through Douglas, Du Bois, Fanon, Gilroy, Hartman and Wynter. But how often do we ask: What is freedom? Along the way, we will need to come to grips with the following surprising fact. We will read some representative works from each of these schools of thought to see how each approaches Socrates. ", Get immediate help for depression or anxiety. But now we have a problem. Our readings will come primarily from philosophy, but will be supplemented with material from anthropology, physics, psychology, and linguistics. You are psyched to be reading this course description right now. We will then examine how these notions may be exploited in the consideration of various long-standing issues in the theory of literary interpretation. While students will not regularly be required to read the latter, any who want to pursue this legacy will be supported in doing so.) Phil Walsh's death a family tragedy. Against the first, people often don't seem to reason very well. [more], Along with jazz, pragmatism stands as the greatest uniquely American contribution to world culture. of the subject developed in the early 19th century German philosophy of Hegel. We will try to determine what is the scope and nature of an adequate theory of emotions, what are the desiderata for such a theory, and what should count as evidence in its favor. [more], The touchstone of our course will be Plato's Republic: the first and perhaps greatest utopia as well as perhaps the greatest work in political philosophy. Indeed Nietzsche's influence has been pervasive. Is there a difference between being offended and being harmed? This course argues that by reference to the historically specific modes of subjectivity and sociality that resulted from the Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Haitian Revolution, for instance, we can better understand and address long-standing questions in European Social Philosophy. [more], The Tuskegee Syphilis Study and Stanley Milgram's Obedience experiments are infamous. Dubois, The Talented Tenth, Frederick Rudolph, Williams College 1793-1993: Three Eras, Three Cultures, Michael S. Roth, Beyond the University: Why Liberal Education Matters, Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind, Martha Nussbaum, Cultivating Humanity, William Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite and the Way to a Meaningful Life, Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt, The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure, and Anthony T. Kronman, The Assault on American Excellence. A deranged young man who stabbed his AFL coach father to death during a psychotic episode will be allowed to leave a mental asylum after just six years.. Phil Walsh, 55, was head coach of the . In this course, relying on works by economists and philosophers, we examine the status of economics as an academic discipline, focusing on its assumptions, methods, and results. By which methods should we pursue these questions? What kind of work is that, and how is it accomplished? About 3,000 people flocked to an Adelaide Crows training session as the emotional aftermath to the death of coach Phil Walsh continues. Our focus will be on recent influential work in this area. Does the fact that our lives will end threaten their meaning? Is relativism a form of skepticism? Students should be aware that, in the classic tradition, this class resembles a logic course. Is the happy life a life of virtue? His later work, best known through posthumously published Philosophical Investigations, continues to influence contemporary thinking about language, mind, action, knowledge, ethics, religion, aesthetics, culture, and of course, philosophy itself. Must the freedom or fulfillment of some people require the subordination of others? We will begin examining these questions by studying the history of controversies in American higher education, concentrating especially on debates about the curriculum. How can we ensure that AI's will act morally? We will analyze and discuss various accounts of scientific method, structure and justification of scientific theories, scientific choice, change, and the idea that scientific knowledge is progressive in a cumulative way. We will examine these and related issues by looking in depth at contemporary defenses of consequentialist, deontological, and contractualist theories. The course will begin with the "received view" of science, advanced by logical empiricists, which assumes the objectivity and the rationality of science and argues that induction is the main scientific method. How should moral equality be understood, and what is its foundation? When, if ever, is paternalistic interference by the state into the lives of its citizens justified? What is offensive art? Although we will attempt to engage the readings on their own terms, we will also ask how the vast differences between the ancient world and our own undercut or enhance the texts' ability to illuminate the dilemmas of political life for us. In order to be justified in holding a belief, must someone know (or believe) that she is justified in holding that belief? There will also be a midterm paper (roughly 10 pages) and a final paper (roughly 15 pages) which you will develop and revise in consultation with the instructor. Topics to be considered include the nature of freedom (both individual and social), the master/slave dialectic and subject constitution, self-consciousness and double consciousness, the stages of history, and racial capitalism [more], Any critical theory presupposes an account how both individual and social subjects come into being. Moreover, the ethical issues that are implicated in responses to the pandemic reflect the range of those manifested across the field of public health as a whole. It turns out, however, to be surprisingly difficult to say what causation is. Finally, we will examine some of Aristotle's works on metaphysics, epistemology and ethics, considering some of the ways Aristotle's thought responds to that of predecessors. in a different order--check the stove, say "I didn't leave the stove on", then say "I might've left the stove on"--and something's gone quite wrong. Are happiness and pleasure the same thing? Our discussions will range over historical and contemporary works in the Western tradition. Is film a creation of a single artist - the director, the author - or is it a result of a loosely synchronized and not quite coherent collaboration of many different people, each guided by her or his particular vision? Critical theory aims not merely to understand the "struggles and wishes of the age" as Marx one described it, but with emancipation from domination. Second, we will engage in some current philosophical debates concerning the concept of freedom in metaphysics, ethics, and political philosophy. New York: McGraw Hill, 2005. pp 307-323. What does it mean to be "philosophical" or to think "theoretically" about politics? The objective is the presentation and writing of a senior essay (maximum 40 pages). And please refer to Class Notes for further information . Background readings include sources rooted in traditional modes of bioethical analysis as well as those incorporating feminist approaches. Thus, the barber shaves himself if and only if he does not shave himself. those issues in and of themselves, and to consider the ways in which selected classical and contemporary moral theories characterize and address those moral dimensions. The picture that we find in the works of the tragedians, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides is markedly different. We shall first explore the salient features of the pragmatic approaches to language, paying special attention to Austin's notion of illocutionary force and Grice's notion of non-natural meaning. Could the world be made up of sensory properties only? On the sports field? Key ideas and concepts such as the death of god, the use and abuse of history, the eternal recurrence, will to power, and master and slave morality will be addressed. Are there things that cannot be put into words? For each argument, we will first look at historically important formulations and then turn to contemporary reformulations. Our aim is to enrich our understanding of the discipline in order to evaluate its value and limitations. How can we ensure that AI's will act morally? between law and morality? Phil Walsh Writer/Producer Los Angeles, California, United States500+ connections Join to connect TW3 Entertainment Williams College Personal Website Report this profile Experience. In addition to key concepts of death, dying, and terminal illness, we will develop and refine notions of medical futility, paternalism and autonomy, particularly within the context of advance directives and surrogate decision making. We will begin the course by looking briefly at some of the Presocratic philosophers active in the Mediterranean world of the seventh through fifth centuries BCE, and some of the sophists active in the fifth century. Stoicism and skepticism, however, are wildly divergent schools of thought. We will closely analyze classical arguments by Augustine, Avicenna, Aquinas, Anselm, Maimonides, Descartes, and others. The debate never transpired - indeed, Leibniz suppressed his New Essays - because of Locke's death in 1705. Diamond investigated the methodology of moral philosophy, paying special attention to the role of literature. Finally, is there a reason for philosophy of film and film theory to exist as a separate field? The first portion of the course will be devoted to considering general theories of justice as well as alternative conceptions of justice specifically within the health care context. The goals of this course are to improve the critical thinking of the students, to introduce them to sentential and predicate logic, to familiarize them with enough formal logic to enable them to read some of the great works of philosophy, which use formal logic (such as Wittgenstein's. If so, what are the constraints on good revisions? We will, undoubtedly, have to adjust the syllabus to respond to breaking international, national and local news. God bless you! Or is it a supreme illusion, a dream-like escape, the domain in which the viewer's unconscious wishes are magically fulfilled? [more], It'd be perfectly natural to say "I might've left the stove on", then check the stove, then say "I didn't leave the stove on". Where have you been taught them? The College Mission Statement says that "Williams seeks to provide the finest possible liberal arts education by nurturing in students the academic and civic virtues, and their related traits of character." What is the basis on which current psychiatric diagnostic manuals are organized? Rather than seeing philosophy as an esoteric discipline, the pragmatic philosophers (with the possible exception of Peirce) see philosophy as integral to our culture and see themselves as public intellectuals. S. Peirce, and John Dewey. Some challenges we face are broad and about the future, though perhaps not the far future. We will examine a variety of philosophical and scientific theories of emotion, as well as some issues concerning normative aspects of emotions: the role of emotions in a good life, and the concept of emotional maturity. His thought influenced the thought of subsequent generations of philosophers. In this tutorial we will exploit this characteristic of biomedical ethics by using a case-based approach to examining core concepts of the field. In the spirit of reconciliation the AFL acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of country throughout Australia and their connections to land, sea and community. Phil holds a Diploma in Horticulture (Massey University) and enjoys a long career in the horticultural sector. We will focus particularly on how subjects are positioned in relation to his writings on power and knowledge with particular attention to the later so-called ethical writings in the years before his untimely death in 1984. We will read Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau in seeking answers to these questions. After working through these arguments, we will reflect more generally on the proper roles of reason and faith in justifying religious belief. Should we value other things (say justice or passionate commitment and curiosity) over happiness? Thus, the concept of person plays a significant role in most branches of philosophy, e.g. The second, longer part of the seminar will try to isolate and follow some of the pragmatist currents which run through epistemology and philosophy of science in the 20th and 21st centuries. Cy Walsh was detained under mental health supervision after the Supreme Court found he was mentally incompetent when he stabbed his father to death in July 2015. Political parties. A person incapable of loyalty is often characterized as fickle, cold, self-serving and sometimes even pathological. Attention to the writing process and developing an authorial voice will be a recurrent focus of our work inside and outside the classroom. We will examine this issue in Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, classic sources and contemporary articles. [more], Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature, one of the greatest books in the history of philosophy, still exerts a considerable influence on contemporary epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of science, philosophy of action, ethics and moral psychology. German philosopher Martin Heidegger thought he represented the culminating point of Western metaphysics; French Nietzscheans such as Foucault, Derrida and Deleuze as well as French feminist Luce Irigaray appropriate Nietzschean themes and concepts in their critical engagements with the Western philosophical tradition; and Anglo-American moral philosophers such as Bernard Williams, Alisdair MacIntyre, and Phillippa Foot (as well as Rorty) respond to and engage his critique of modern morality. We will begin the course by looking at Hume's and Kant's discussion of causation. We ordinarily claim that sentences are true or false, but are there other entities whose truth and falsity explains the truth and falsity of sentences? His thought influenced the thought of subsequent generations of philosophers. We pursue this reflection by examining the views of James, Husserl, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, particularly as they concern the methods for the study of the mind and the relation between consciousness, reflexivity and the body. Dean's Office. What is the body? The debate between Empiricism and Rationalism concerns whether all our knowledge derives from experience, or any is innate. Unsurprisingly, philosophers have proffered a variety of answers to these questions, prompting one philosopher to remark, half-jokingly, that "there are as many definitions of philosophy as there are philosophers." In this tutorial, we will investigate the nature of skepticism and the varieties of relativism it encourages. What are the social and ethical prerequisites--and consequences--of democracy? This theoretically oriented work will provide the background for subsequent examination of specific topics, which may include, among others: justice in health care financing and reform; justice in health care rationing and access to health care, with particular attention to the intersections of rationing criteria with gender, sexuality, race, disability, and age; justice in the procurement and allocation of organs for transplantation; obesity and personal responsibility for illness; and justice in medical research, including "double standards" for research conducted in low resource settings. We begin by examining some of the central concepts of Buddhist psychology, its treatment of the mind as a selfless stream of consciousness, its examination of the variety of mental factors and its accounts of the relation between cognition and affects. We also examine the Yogacara school, which offers a process view of reality focusing on the analysis of experience. Finally, there are those who do not think philosophy can contribute much at all to answering such questions and others who question its claims to universality given its associations with colonialism, racism, sexism, etc. To submit an obituary, please send it to Alumni Records, Williams College, 75 Park Street, Williamstown, MA 01267. health and disease, and then apply them to human psychology. Who is equal? What does it take to realize this fact? [more], Is morality simply a matter of opinion? At Williams College a mural was removed from The Log and Herman Rosse's painting "Carnival of Life" was removed from the '62 Center. We will begin by reading some of Plato's early dialogues and his Republic. Mill, W.E.B Dubois, John Rawls, Charles Mills, Jurgen Habermas). argument, the cosmological argument, the teleological argument, the argument from religious experience, and the argument from evil). However, this approach is too narrow, since people use language to do a myriad of things: to ask, demand, promise, praise, blame, threaten, command, insinuate, evoke, express feelings, and sometimes just to play. In addition, we will devote several class meetings interspersed throughout the semester to reading foundational sources in ethical theory. What constitutes my knowledge of myself as a person, and does that knowledge differ in any significant respect from my knowledge of physical objects and of other people? more broadly, what it is like to have a first person, waking perspective at all--resists explanation in any terms other than the conscious experience itself in spite of centuries of intense effort by philosophers and, more recently, by scientists. After working through these arguments, we will reflect more generally on the proper roles of reason and faith in justifying religious belief. [more], At the beginning of the last century Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. More than this, Existentialists emphasize the subjective relation we bear to our belief systems, moral codes, and personal identities. Which characteristics of persons give them moral status? What is the mind? In some weeks, students will be asked to choose from a small set which case they would like to address; in others the case will be assigned. We will read some representative works from each of these schools of thought to see how each approaches Socrates. Pascal's wager is a different approach: it argues that even though proof of the existence of God is unavailable, you will maximize your expected utility be believing. What do the social and psychological sciences have to teach us about happiness? We will read classic works (such as John Stuart Mill, On Liberty and H. L. A. Hart, The Concept of Law), contemporary articles, and United States Supreme Court cases. Conceptions of person are equally important in science (especially in psychology), law, and the arts. Does morality require that we always subordinate our personal relationships to universal principles? Fanon ushered in the decolonial turn in critical theory, a move calling on those both within and outside of Europe to challenge the coloniality of the age and to forge a new vision of politics in the postcolonial period. How do our thoughts refer to objects? We will see how a focus on language affects our understanding of many traditional philosophical questions, ranging from epistemology and metaphysics to aesthetics and ethics. What is knowledge (as opposed to mere opinion)? Are we rationally justified in drawing causal inferences? Our starting and central question will be: What makes me the particular person that I am, and how is my identity as this individual person preserved over time? Must the freedom or fulfillment of some people require the subordination of others? The question of this course is whether these values are in conflict. As we go through these results, we will think about the philosophical implications of first-order logic. We will examine several different approaches in depth, including realism, constructivism, expressivism, and skepticism. Our focus will be on recent influential work in this area. What is his legacy today? The abstract philosophical question before us is, what are animals such that they can be all these things? In framing and answering these questions, we will discuss subjective experience (or phenomenology) of mental illness; holism vs. reductionism; functional, historical and structural explanations of psychopathology; theory formation, evidence, and the role of values in psychology and psychiatry; the diversity and disunity of psychotherapeutic approaches; relationship between knowers and the known; and relationship between theoretical knowledge in psychiatry and the practices of healing. Throughout, we will appeal to reason and evidence in forming our best beliefs. While he never wrote any philosophical works of his own, Socrates is one of the most influential thinkers in the western tradition. Phil Walsh!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)? Aristotle expresses in these books were instrumental in setting an intellectual agenda that dominated western thought through the Middle Ages and provided the backdrop against which the modern philosophical tradition arose. Students who have take PHIL 203 will have a good background for this class, but students who are generally comfortable with formal systems need not have taken PHIL 203. In this course we address key themes and figures from two of the most influential movements in twentieth century European philosophy, namely, existentialism and phenomenology, a philosophical approach to which existentialism is indebted. Destructive skepticism and confident relativism the role of literature according to one there. 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Ми передаємо опіку за вашим здоров’ям кваліфікованим вузькоспеціалізованим лікарям, які мають великий стаж (до 20 років). Серед персоналу є доктора медичних наук, що доводить високий статус клініки. Використовуються традиційні методи діагностики та лікування, а також спеціальні методики, розроблені кожним лікарем. Індивідуальні програми діагностики та лікування.
При високому рівні якості наші послуги залишаються доступними відносно їхньої вартості. Ціни, порівняно з іншими клініками такого ж рівня, є помітно нижчими. Повторні візити коштуватимуть менше. Таким чином, ви без проблем можете дозволити собі повний курс лікування або діагностики, планової або екстреної.
Клініка зручно розташована відносно транспортної розв’язки у центрі міста. Кабінети облаштовані згідно зі світовими стандартами та вимогами. Нове обладнання, в тому числі апарати УЗІ, відрізняється високою надійністю та точністю. Гарантується уважне відношення та беззаперечна лікарська таємниця.